Psychology Services Limited, London, UK.
Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2021 Jul;128(7):1099-1108. doi: 10.1007/s00702-020-02277-w. Epub 2020 Nov 19.
Over half of young people and adults diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD] also have substance use disorder [SUD]. Their use of substances may arise from an attempt to self-medicate and/or to cope with their difficulties. This manuscript reviews key research in the literature and identifies that traditional SUD psychological interventions are an effective treatment for those presenting with a dual diagnosis of ADHD and SUD. However, typically, this is only available to those presenting to specialist SUD services for treatment of harmful use and/or dependency. This misses an opportunity to intervene much earlier, before drug use escalates to these levels. The manuscript aims to provide practical guidance for healthcare practitioners, by detailing a psychological framework for earlier assessment and intervention of problematic drug use in young people and adults with ADHD. Specific techniques are outlined drawing on psychoeducation, motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapy in a phased approach to address factors that motivate initial use of substances and those that maintain use.
超过一半的被诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的年轻人和成年人也有物质使用障碍（SUD）。他们使用物质可能是出于自我治疗的尝试和/或应对困难。本文综述了文献中的关键研究，并指出传统的 SUD 心理干预对同时患有 ADHD 和 SUD 的人是一种有效的治疗方法。然而，通常情况下，只有那些因有害使用和/或依赖而到 SUD 专科服务机构接受治疗的人才可获得这种治疗。这错过了一个更早干预的机会，即在药物使用上升到这些水平之前。本文旨在为医疗保健从业者提供实用指南，详细描述一种针对 ADHD 青少年和成年人的早期评估和干预药物滥用问题的心理框架。通过分阶段的方法，概述了具体的技术，包括心理教育、动机访谈和认知行为疗法，以解决最初使用物质的动机因素和维持使用的因素。
