Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR CNRS 7190, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2012 Jan;131(1):783-94. doi: 10.1121/1.3651790.
Performers often discuss the sound quality of a violin or the sound obtained by particular playing techniques, calling upon a diverse vocabulary. This study explores the verbal descriptions, made by performers, of the distinctive timbres of different violins. Sixty-one common descriptors were collected and then arranged by violinists on a map, so that words with similar meanings lay close together, and those with different meanings lay far apart. The results of multidimensional scaling demonstrated consistent use among violinists of many words, and highlighted which words are used for similar purposes. These terms and their relations were then used to investigate the perceptual effect of acoustical modifications of violin sounds produced by roving of the levels in five one-octave wide bands, 190-380, 380-760, 760-1520, 1520-3040, and 3040-6080 Hz. Pairs of sounds were presented, and each participant was asked to indicate which of the sounds was more bright, clear, harsh, nasal, or good (in separate runs for each descriptor). Increased brightness and clarity were associated with moderately increased levels in bands 4 and 5, whereas increased harshness was associated with a strongly increased level in band 4. Judgments differed across participants for the qualities nasal and good.
演奏者经常讨论小提琴的音质或特定演奏技巧所获得的声音，使用各种词汇。本研究探讨了演奏者对不同小提琴独特音色的描述。收集了 61 个常见描述词，然后由小提琴家在地图上排列，以便具有相似含义的词彼此靠近，而具有不同含义的词则相距甚远。多维尺度分析的结果表明，许多词在小提琴家中得到一致使用，并突出了哪些词用于类似的目的。然后使用这些术语及其关系来研究通过在五个一个八度宽的频段（190-380、380-760、760-1520、1520-3040 和 3040-6080 Hz）中波动来产生小提琴声音的声学修饰的感知效果。呈现一对声音，每个参与者都被要求指出哪个声音更明亮、更清晰、更刺耳、更鼻音或更好（每个描述符分别进行单独的运行）。在频段 4 和 5 中适度增加水平与增加亮度和清晰度有关，而在频段 4 中强烈增加水平与增加刺耳度有关。对于鼻音和良好品质的判断，不同参与者之间存在差异。
