Institute of Social Medicine and Health Services Management, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.
Biosci Trends. 2011 Dec;5(6):226-30. doi: 10.5582/bst.2011.v5.6.226.
The migrant population is a population with a high risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection and transmission. Globally, migration is likely to have a significant impact on TB epidemiology, particularly in countries that receive substantial numbers of migrants from countries with a high infection burden. China, a country with the world's second highest TB burden, faces a considerable increase in the number of rural-to-urban migrants. This population has a significant impact on urban TB epidemics and is specifically targeted by national guidelines for TB control. TB control among the migrant population has had relatively poor outcomes. Barriers to detection and treatment have both financial and non-financial aspects, such as the "migratory" nature of the migrant population, their marginalized working and living environment, poor financial status, little awareness of TB, inadequate referral to TB dispensaries, and potential social stigma in the workplace. Currently, the free TB treatment policy has limited ability to relieve the financial burden on most migrant TB patients as would allow optimal outcomes of TB detection and treatment. Universal health insurance coverage and fostering of personnel in community-based primary health care for the rural-to- urban migrant population represent two pillars of successful TB control.
流动人口是结核病（TB）感染和传播的高风险人群。在全球范围内，移民可能对结核病流行病学产生重大影响，特别是在那些接收来自感染负担较高国家的大量移民的国家。中国是世界上结核病负担第二高的国家，面临着农村到城市移民人数的大幅增加。这部分人群对城市结核病流行产生了重大影响，因此被国家结核病控制指南作为特定目标人群。流动人口的结核病控制结果相对较差。发现和治疗的障碍既有财务方面的，也有非财务方面的，例如流动人口的“迁移”性质、他们边缘化的工作和生活环境、较差的经济状况、对结核病的认识不足、向结核病诊所转诊不足，以及在工作场所可能存在的社会耻辱感。目前，免费结核病治疗政策缓解大多数流动人口结核病患者经济负担的能力有限，无法实现结核病发现和治疗的最佳效果。全民健康保险覆盖和培养面向农村到城市流动人口的社区基层医疗保健人员是结核病控制成功的两个支柱。
