Walther L E, Hörmann K, Bloching M, Blödow A
HNO-Gemeinschaftspraxis, Main-Taunus-Zentrum, 65843, Sulzbach (Taunus), Deutschland.
HNO. 2012 Jan;60(1):75-87; quiz 88. doi: 10.1007/s00106-011-2434-5.
The perception and conversion of motion stimuli by the vestibular receptors, unimpaired postural control and intact visual acuity are essential for spatial orientation. Disturbances in these three sensory systems can manifest as "vertigo", "dizziness" or "imbalance". The integrity of peripheral receptor function, especially of the three semicircular canals, plays a superficial role. They are sensitive to acceleration stimuli, which they transmit via reflexes to the eye muscles. The stabilization of a visual target is via vestibulo-ocular reflexes, which have a very short latency and thus ensure a permanently stable image on the retina. Modern lateral-specific testing procedures are available to diagnose the receptor function of the peripheral vestibular system. The function of the semicircular canals can be analyzed using a head impulse test (HIT) and, more recently, by means of video-HIT as well as on the basis of a caloric test. Using these techniques, all three semicircular canals can be assessed in a side- and receptor-specific manner.
前庭感受器对运动刺激的感知和转换、未受损的姿势控制以及完好的视力对于空间定向至关重要。这三个感觉系统的紊乱可表现为“眩晕”“头晕”或“失衡”。外周感受器功能的完整性，尤其是三个半规管的完整性，起着重要作用。它们对加速度刺激敏感，并通过反射将其传递至眼肌。视觉目标的稳定是通过前庭眼反射实现的，该反射潜伏期极短，从而确保视网膜上的图像永久稳定。现代的侧别特异性检测程序可用于诊断外周前庭系统的感受器功能。半规管的功能可以通过头部脉冲试验（HIT）进行分析，最近也可通过视频HIT以及基于冷热试验进行分析。使用这些技术，可以以侧别和感受器特异性的方式评估所有三个半规管。
