Butler R J
J Adv Nurs. 1979 May;4(3):307-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1979.tb03011.x.
Token economy programmes are becoming an increasingly familiar sight in British psychiatric hospitals, yet many remain inflexible and prone to breakdown after a period in operation. This paper describes the evolution of a token economy for female chronic schizophrenic patients, where the nursing staff with minimal 'psychological' support and in dealing with a programme free of research constraints, aimed to increase the therapeutic potential of the system. The major developments arose from the need: (i) to extinguish the emergence of undesirable behaviour; (2) to develop a more individualized approach to treating patients' problems; (3) to keep consistent adequate records; (4) to re-establish contact with the community and (5) to cater for patients' varied responses to treatment.
代币经济计划在英国精神病医院里越来越常见，然而许多计划仍缺乏灵活性，在实施一段时间后容易崩溃。本文描述了一项针对女性慢性精神分裂症患者的代币经济计划的发展历程，在该计划中，护理人员在获得最少“心理”支持且不受研究限制的情况下开展工作，旨在提高该系统的治疗潜力。主要的发展源于以下需求：（i）消除不良行为的出现；（2）制定更具个性化的方法来处理患者的问题；（3）持续保存充分的记录；（4）重新与社区建立联系；（5）应对患者对治疗的不同反应。
