UMR144 du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris Cedex 05, France.
Science. 2012 Jan 27;335(6067):422-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1209037.
The centrosome acts as the main microtubule-nucleating organelle in animal cells and plays a critical role in mitotic spindle orientation and in genome stability. Yet, despite its central role in cell biology, the centrosome is not present in all multicellular organisms or in all cells of a given organism. The main outcome of centrosome reproduction is the transmission of polarity to daughter cells and, in most animal species, the sperm-donated centrosome defines embryo polarity. Here I will discuss the role of the centrosome in cell polarity, resulting from its ability to position the nucleus at the cell center, and discuss how centrosome innovation might have been critical during metazoan evolution.
中心体作为动物细胞中主要的微管起始细胞器，在有丝分裂纺锤体的定向和基因组稳定性方面发挥着关键作用。然而，尽管中心体在细胞生物学中具有核心作用，但它并不存在于所有多细胞生物或给定生物的所有细胞中。中心体复制的主要结果是将极性传递给子细胞，并且在大多数动物物种中，精子捐献的中心体定义了胚胎极性。在这里，我将讨论中心体在细胞极性中的作用，这是由于其将核定位在细胞中心的能力，并讨论中心体的创新在后生动物进化过程中是如何具有关键性的。
