Tosun Emre, Tasar Ferda, Strauss Robert, Kıvanc Dolunay Gulmez, Ungor Cem
Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Blacksea Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012 May;70(5):1064-9. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.11.021. Epub 2012 Jan 28.
This study examined carbon dioxide (CO(2); 10,600 nm), diode (808 nm), and erbium (Er):yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG; 2,940 nm) laser applications on Staphylococcus aureus contaminated, sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched surface titanium discs and performed a comparative evaluation of the obtained bactericidal effects and the applicability of these effects in clinical practice.
This study was carried out in 5 main groups: Er:YAG laser in very short pulse (VSP) emission mode, Er:YAG laser in short pulse (SP) emission mode, diode laser with a 320-nm fiber optic diode laser with an R24-B handpiece, and CO(2) laser. After laser irradiation, dilutions were spread on sheep blood agar plates and, after an incubation period of 24 hours, colony-forming units were counted and compared with the control group, and the bactericidal activity was assessed in relation to the colony counts.
The CO(2) laser eliminated 100% of the bacteria at 6 W, 20 Hz, and a 10-ms exposure time/pulse with a 10-second application period (0.8-mm spot size). The continuous-wave diode laser eliminated 97% of the bacteria at 1 W using a 10-second application with a 320-μm optic fiber, 100% of the bacteria were killed with a 1-W, 10-second continuous-wave application with an R14-B handpiece. The Er:YAG laser eliminated 100% of the bacteria at 90 mJ and 10 Hz using a 10-second application in a superpulse mode (300-ms exposure time/pulse). The Er:YAG laser also eliminated 99% to 100% of the bacteria in VSP mode at 90 mJ and 10 Hz with a 10-second application.
The results of this study show that a complete, or near complete, elimination of surface bacteria on titanium surfaces can be accomplished in vitro using a CO(2), diode, or Er:YAG laser as long as appropriate parameters are used.
本研究检测了二氧化碳（CO₂；10,600纳米）、二极管（808纳米）和铒（Er）：钇铝石榴石（YAG；2,940纳米）激光对被金黄色葡萄球菌污染、经过喷砂、大颗粒、酸蚀处理的表面钛盘的作用，并对所获得的杀菌效果以及这些效果在临床实践中的适用性进行了比较评估。
本研究分为5个主要组：处于极短脉冲（VSP）发射模式的Er:YAG激光、处于短脉冲（SP）发射模式的Er:YAG激光、配备R24 - B手持件的320纳米光纤二极管激光的二极管激光以及CO₂激光。激光照射后，将稀释液涂布在绵羊血琼脂平板上，在24小时的培养期后，计数菌落形成单位并与对照组进行比较，并根据菌落计数评估杀菌活性。
CO₂激光在6瓦、20赫兹、10毫秒曝光时间/脉冲以及10秒的作用时间（光斑尺寸0.8毫米）下可100%消除细菌。连续波二极管激光在使用320微米光纤、1瓦、10秒的作用时间下可消除97%的细菌，使用R14 - B手持件、1瓦、10秒的连续波照射可100%杀灭细菌。Er:YAG激光在超脉冲模式（300毫秒曝光时间/脉冲）下，90毫焦、10赫兹、10秒的作用时间可100%消除细菌。Er:YAG激光在VSP模式下，90毫焦、10赫兹、10秒的作用时间也可消除99%至100%的细菌。
本研究结果表明，只要使用适当的参数，使用CO₂、二极管或Er:YAG激光在体外可实现钛表面细菌的完全或近乎完全消除。
