Walter U, Krugmann C S, Plaumann M
Institut für Epidemiologie, Sozialmedizin und Gesundheitssystemforschung, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2012 Feb;55(2):172-82. doi: 10.1007/s00103-011-1412-0.
Burnout has become an increasing topic of discussion in recent years. Against this background, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention programs aimed at preventing burnout. Using the databases Medline, PsycINFO, and PSYNDEX, we conducted a systematic search of burnout intervention studies from 1995-2011, completing this by a hand search. A total of 33 primary intervention studies (34 publications) were identified and reviewed. Twenty-four (71%) were person-centered interventions, while 10 (29%) were combined individual and organizational interventions. Of the interventions, 76% had a positive effect on burnout or its subcomponents; 16% of the studies were followed for periods ranging from more than 12 months to 3 years. In three of these studies, the intervention had a positive effect on burnout outcome measures. Burnout intervention programs tend to be effective, and their effects can be enhanced in refresher courses. Future research should focus on combined (person-centered and organization-based) intervention programs, include different risk groups, and provide long-term follow-up.
近年来，职业倦怠已成为一个越来越受关注的话题。在此背景下，评估旨在预防职业倦怠的干预项目的有效性很重要。我们利用Medline、PsycINFO和PSYNDEX数据库，对1995年至2011年期间的职业倦怠干预研究进行了系统检索，并通过手工检索加以完善。共识别并审查了33项主要干预研究（34篇出版物）。其中24项（71%）是以个人为中心的干预措施，10项（29%）是个人与组织相结合的干预措施。在这些干预措施中，76%对职业倦怠或其亚成分有积极影响；16%的研究随访时间超过12个月至3年。在其中三项研究中，干预措施对职业倦怠结果指标有积极影响。职业倦怠干预项目往往是有效的，并且在进修课程中其效果可以得到增强。未来的研究应侧重于综合（以个人为中心和基于组织的）干预项目，纳入不同的风险群体，并提供长期随访。
