Laboratory for Biomaterials, Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012 Mar;93(5):1805-15. doi: 10.1007/s00253-011-3854-6.
Much knowledge has been gained for the last 30 years about the effects of pressure on bacteria, and various pressure-based technologies have been designed. The development of modern molecular biology techniques (e.g., DNA microarrays) as well as the technological advances realized in the manufacturing of robust sampling and high-pressure devices has allowed these advances. Not only the direct effects on cell components (membranes, proteins, and nucleic acids) have been unraveled, but also the cellular response to pressure has been investigated by means of transcriptome and proteome analyses. Initially, research was performed by marine biologists who studied the microorganisms living in the deep sea at pressures of 1,000 bar. In parallel, food technologists developed pressure-based methods for inactivating microorganisms without altering the food properties as much as with temperature treatment. The preservation of specific product properties is also the rationale for pressure-based methods for the disinfection of biomaterials and for vaccine production. Therefore, attention was first focused on the “killing” potential of high pressure. On the other hand, there has been a growing interest in using elevated pressures (up to ~10 bar) for enhancing the productivity of bioprocesses. In this case, no killing effect was sought, but pressure was applied to “boost” the process by enhancing the oxygen transfer to the cell culture. This paper gives an overview on the effects of pressures in the range of 1 bar to 10 kbar on bacteria and presents the major and most recent achievements realized in the development of pressure-based biotechnological applications.
在过去的 30 年中，人们对压力对细菌的影响有了很多了解，并设计了各种基于压力的技术。现代分子生物学技术（例如 DNA 微阵列）的发展以及在制造坚固的采样和高压设备方面取得的技术进步使得这些进步成为可能。不仅直接研究了细胞成分（膜，蛋白质和核酸）的影响，还通过转录组和蛋白质组分析研究了细胞对压力的反应。最初，海洋生物学家研究了生活在深海中的微生物，其压力为 1000 巴。同时，食品技术人员开发了基于压力的方法来灭活微生物，而不会像热处理那样对食品特性产生太大影响。保持特定产品特性也是基于压力的生物材料消毒和疫苗生产方法的原理。因此，首先关注的是高压的“杀菌”潜力。另一方面，人们越来越关注使用升高的压力（高达约 10 巴）来提高生物工艺的生产力。在这种情况下，不寻求杀菌效果，而是施加压力以通过增强向细胞培养物的氧气转移来“促进”该过程。本文概述了 1 巴至 10 kbar 范围内的压力对细菌的影响，并介绍了在开发基于压力的生物技术应用方面取得的主要最新成就。
