State Laboratories Division, Hawaii Department of Health, Pearl City, HI 96782, USA.
J Clin Virol. 2012 May;54(1):73-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.01.007. Epub 2012 Jan 31.
Hawaii and the United States-affiliated Pacific islands (USAPI) host over 8 million travelers annually, most of whom originate in Asia, Australia, and the Americas where prevalence of oseltamivir resistance in 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) has been reported to be 2.5-3.5%.
To survey a collection of samples from Hawaii and the USAPI that had tested positive for the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus by RTI-PCR to assess whether antiviral resistance emerged in these island communities during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.
We examined RNA extracted from Hawaiian and USAPI cases for the neuraminidase H275Y mutation associated with oseltamivir resistance by pyrosequencing.
Two hundred and sixty-three (263) 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) positive specimens were tested and 263/263 (100%) were shown to lack the mutation most commonly associated with oseltamivir resistance.
There was no evidence of oseltamivir resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 virus during the 2009 pandemic in the Pacific islands despite considerable travel exposure. Geographic isolation, the lack of a "second wave" of pandemic influenza, judicious antiviral use, aggressive vaccination, and below average tourism due to the global economic crisis may have been contributing factors. Continued surveillance and vigilance is necessary to monitor unpredictable influenza activity.
夏威夷和美国太平洋属地（USAPI）每年接待超过 800 万游客，其中大多数来自亚洲、澳大利亚和美洲，据报道，这些地区 2009 年大流行性流感 A（H1N1）中奥司他韦耐药率为 2.5-3.5%。
通过实时聚合酶链反应（RTI-PCR）检测来自夏威夷和 USAPI 的 2009 年大流行性流感 A（H1N1）病毒阳性样本，以评估在 2009 年 H1N1 大流行期间这些岛屿社区是否出现了抗病毒耐药性。
我们通过焦磷酸测序法检测了从夏威夷和 USAPI 病例中提取的 RNA 中是否存在与奥司他韦耐药相关的神经氨酸酶 H275Y 突变。
对 263 份 2009 年大流行性流感 A（H1N1）阳性标本进行了检测，结果显示 263/263（100%）均缺乏最常与奥司他韦耐药相关的突变。
尽管有大量的旅行接触，但在太平洋岛屿，2009 年大流行期间并未发现奥司他韦耐药的 A（H1N1）pdm09 病毒。地理隔离、缺乏“第二波”大流行性流感、明智使用抗病毒药物、积极接种疫苗以及由于全球经济危机导致的旅游人数低于平均水平可能是促成因素。需要继续监测和保持警惕，以监测不可预测的流感活动。
