Carr D, Jackson T, Alquire P
Geriatric Assessment Center, St. Lawrence Hospital, Lansing, Michigan.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990 Oct;38(10):1145-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1990.tb01379.x.
A retrospective, case-control study was performed to determine the characteristics of elderly drivers referred to an outpatient geriatric assessment center. It was hypothesized that the driving population was operating at a higher cognitive and functional level than nondrivers. One hundred eighty-two subjects meeting the entry criteria were studied. Twenty-three percent of the subjects were driving at the time of their assessment. Compared to nondrivers, drivers were younger (P = .0001), were more likely to be male (P = .003), scored higher on a mental status examination (P = .0001), and were more independent in Physical and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (P less than .0001). Despite these findings, the mean Folstein Mini-Mental score for drivers (23.7) was below normal; 40% of drivers were diagnosed as having Alzheimer's dementia at the time of their evaluation, and over 26% of the drivers needed help with either dressing or bathing. The frequency of impaired elderly drivers in this referral setting was high. The authors conclude that conditions that affect the driving task are common in geriatric assessment centers. Prospective studies of elderly drivers are needed to answer the difficult question of who among the elderly should drive.
开展了一项回顾性病例对照研究，以确定转至门诊老年评估中心的老年驾驶员的特征。研究假设，驾驶人群的认知和功能水平高于非驾驶员。对182名符合入选标准的受试者进行了研究。23%的受试者在接受评估时仍在开车。与非驾驶员相比，驾驶员更年轻（P = .0001），更可能为男性（P = .003），在精神状态检查中得分更高（P = .0001），在日常生活的身体活动和工具性活动方面更具独立性（P < .0001）。尽管有这些发现，但驾驶员的平均福尔斯坦简易精神状态评分（23.7）低于正常水平；40%的驾驶员在评估时被诊断患有阿尔茨海默病痴呆症，超过26%的驾驶员在穿衣或洗澡方面需要帮助。在这个转诊机构中，老年驾驶员功能受损的频率很高。作者得出结论，影响驾驶任务的情况在老年评估中心很常见。需要对老年驾驶员进行前瞻性研究，以回答老年人中谁适合开车这个难题。
