Department of Population Studies, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Baja California, México.
Aging Ment Health. 2012;16(4):462-71. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2011.651432. Epub 2012 Feb 2.
To estimate the effect of social capital (SC) and personal autonomy (PA) on the depressive symptoms (DS) in older people living in poverty.
Longitudinal study of elderly participants in the impact evaluation study of a non-contributory pension program in Mexico. For this study we selected the group of older people without significant DS at baseline. PA, SC indicators and covariates were measured at baseline. Using the Geriatric Depression Scale, the incidence of DS was assessed at a follow-up interview after 11 months. The effect of SC and autonomy on the occurrence of DS was estimated by using a multilevel logistic regression model.
Of the various indicators of PA, not being dependent in daily functioning, and being able to read/write were associated with lower risk of DS. A higher level of SC at baseline was associated with lower incidence of DS in women (odds ratio; OR = 0.73, p < 0.01), while for men there was no significant association (OR = 1.04, p = 0.69).
PA and SC proved to be protective factors against the onset of DS in women. For men, only PA was a protective factor. Future studies need to explore in what ways that PA and SC may reduce risk of DS as well as the role of gender differences.
评估社会资本（SC）和个人自主（PA）对贫困老年人抑郁症状（DS）的影响。
对墨西哥非缴费养老金计划影响评估研究中的老年参与者进行的纵向研究。本研究选择了基线时 DS 不明显的老年人组。PA、SC 指标和协变量在基线时进行了测量。在 11 个月后的随访访谈中，使用老年抑郁量表评估 DS 的发生率。使用多层次逻辑回归模型估计 SC 和自主性对 DS 发生的影响。
在 PA 的各种指标中，日常生活功能不依赖和能够读写与 DS 风险较低相关。较高的基线 SC 与女性较低的 DS 发生率相关（优势比；OR = 0.73，p < 0.01），而男性则没有显著相关性（OR = 1.04，p = 0.69）。
PA 和 SC 被证明是女性 DS 发病的保护因素。对于男性，只有 PA 是保护因素。未来的研究需要探讨 PA 和 SC 如何降低 DS 的风险以及性别差异的作用。
