Suzana S, Azlinda A, Hin S L, Khor W H, Zahara Z, Sa'ida Munira J, Norliza M
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Malays J Nutr. 2011 Aug;17(2):163-73.
In Malaysia, hypertension prevalence has increased from 13% in 1996 to 43% in 2006 based on the Third National Health and Morbidity Survey.
Recognising the importance of hypertension control to prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, a cross-sectional study was carried out to assess factors influencing blood pressure among 74 hypertensive adults (22 men, 52 women, mean age 61.1 +/- 8.8 years old) attending an outpatient clinic of a government health clinic in Klang Valley. Subjects were interviewed to obtain information on social and health, physical activity level and food intake using Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, waist circumference and percentage of body fat were also conducted.
The majority of the subjects (71.6%) had poor hypertension control as determined using blood pressure. Women aged 30-59 years old had a higher mean diastolic blood pressure (87.3 +/- 11.6 mmHg) than women aged 60 years old (78.5 +/- 9.5 mmHg) (p < 0.05). Most of the men (36.4%) achieved three out of six Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) for Hypertension Recommendations as outlined by the Malaysian Dietitians' Association. About one-third (30.8%) of the women achieved two out of six of the guidelines. High sodium intake (adjusted OR 3.501, 95% CI 1.116-10.985, p < 0.05), daily consumption of coffee (adjusted OR 0.302, 95% CI 0.093-0.983, p < 0.05) and less intake of milk (adjusted OR 3.328, 95% CI 1.055-10.493, p < 0.05) were associated with uncontrolled hypertension.
Three quarters of the subjects had unsatisfactory hypertensive control and was related to food intake and eating habits including high salt diet, coffee consumption and inadequate milk intake were unsatisfactory. There is a need to implement a nutrition intervention programme based on MNT to achieve good hypertensive control among subjects.
根据第三次全国健康与发病率调查，马来西亚的高血压患病率已从1996年的13%增至2006年的43%。
认识到控制高血压对预防心血管疾病发病和死亡的重要性，开展了一项横断面研究，以评估影响74名高血压成年人（22名男性，52名女性，平均年龄61.1±8.8岁）血压的因素，这些患者前往巴生谷一家政府健康诊所的门诊就诊。通过访谈受试者，使用饮食史问卷（DHQ）和食物频率问卷（FFQ）获取有关社会与健康、身体活动水平及食物摄入的信息。还进行了人体测量，包括体重、身高、腰围和体脂百分比。
根据血压测定，大多数受试者（71.6%）的高血压控制不佳。30至59岁的女性平均舒张压（87.3±11.6毫米汞柱）高于60岁女性（78.5±9.5毫米汞柱）（p<0.05）。大多数男性（36.4%）达到了马来西亚营养师协会概述的高血压医学营养治疗（MNT）六项建议中的三项。约三分之一（30.8%）的女性达到了六项指南中的两项。高钠摄入（调整后比值比3.501，95%置信区间1.116 - 10.985，p<0.05）、每日饮用咖啡（调整后比值比0.302，95%置信区间0.093 - 0.983，p<0.05）和较少摄入牛奶（调整后比值比3.328，95%置信区间1.055 - 10.493，p<0.05）与高血压控制不佳相关。
四分之三的受试者高血压控制不达标，这与食物摄入和饮食习惯有关，包括高盐饮食、饮用咖啡和牛奶摄入不足。有必要实施基于MNT的营养干预计划，以在受试者中实现良好的高血压控制。
