Azizan Nurul Ain, Majid Hazreen Abdul, Nahar Mohamed Azmi, Su Tin Tin
Center of Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
SAGE Open Med. 2020 Sep 20;8:2050312120960563. doi: 10.1177/2050312120960563. eCollection 2020.
To ascertain the effect of dietary practice modification and a peer-support home blood pressure monitoring program on the nutritional intake (macronutrients and micronutrients), blood pressure and biochemical profiles of hypertension patients in a low-income community setting.
This is a pre- and post-measurement intervention study conducted in low-income community housing projects in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 90 participants aged 18 years and above with hypertension received intervention. The participants were divided into small groups and received instructions on the use of home blood pressure measurement. They also attended a series of talks on dietary intake modification and exercise demonstration for the first six months (active phase). In another 6 months (maintenance phase), they received only pamphlet and SMS reminders. Their anthropometry, blood pressure, dietary, and biochemical parameter changes were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months of intervention.
Macronutrients and micronutrients showed a significant improvement at the end of 12-month dietary intervention. The energy, carbohydrate, protein, total fat, sodium, and potassium are showing significant reduction from baseline to end of the 12-month intervention. There is no significant reduction in blood pressure. Fasting blood glucose, renal sodium, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a significant improvement, after controlling for age and reported physical activity.
The intervention improved the nutritional intake and biochemical profiles of the low-income urban population with hypertension. This promising result should be replicated in a larger scale study.
确定在低收入社区环境中，改变饮食习惯和开展同伴支持的家庭血压监测计划对高血压患者营养摄入（常量营养素和微量营养素）、血压及生化指标的影响。
这是一项在马来西亚吉隆坡低收入社区住房项目中进行的测量前后的干预研究。共有90名18岁及以上的高血压参与者接受了干预。参与者被分成小组，并接受了家庭血压测量使用方法的指导。在头六个月（活跃期），他们还参加了一系列关于改变饮食摄入和运动示范的讲座。在接下来的6个月（维持期），他们仅收到宣传册和短信提醒。在干预的基线、6个月和12个月时测量他们的人体测量学、血压、饮食和生化参数变化。
在12个月饮食干预结束时，常量营养素和微量营养素显示出显著改善。从基线到12个月干预结束，能量、碳水化合物、蛋白质、总脂肪、钠和钾均显著减少。血压没有显著降低。在控制年龄和报告的身体活动后，空腹血糖、肾钠、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显示出显著改善。
该干预改善了低收入城市高血压人群的营养摄入和生化指标。这一有前景的结果应在更大规模的研究中得到重复验证。
