Dan S P, Mohd Nasir M T, Zalilah M S
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
Malays J Nutr. 2011 Aug;17(2):175-87.
Findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey III (MOH, 2008) indicate a 43.7% prevalence of physical inactivity among Malaysian adults. This sedentary lifestyle can also be observed among children and adolescents.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine factors associated with physical activity levels of four hundred, 13 year-old adolescents in Kuantan, Pahang. Data on socio-demographic, health-related, and psychosocial factors were collected using a self-administered questionnaire while physical activity level was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C).
About one-third of the respondents were in the low physical activity level category, 61.5% were in the moderate category and only 3.0% of the adolescents were in the high physical activity level category. Males were more physically active than females (chi2 = 23.667, p = 0.0001) with female adolescents (45.1%) twice as likely as male adolescents (22.1%) to be in the low physical activity level category. The associations between physical activity level with socio-demographic and health-related factors, perception of weight status and body parts satisfaction were not significant. However, physical activity was found to be positively correlated with physical activity self-efficacy (r = 0.496, p = 0.0001), peer influence ( r = 0.468, p = 0.0001), family influence (r = 0.298, p = 0.0001) and beliefs in physical activity outcomes (r = 0.207, p = 0.0001). Negative relationships were found between physical activity with depression (r = -0.116, p = 0.021) and body size discrepancy (r = -0.143, p < 0.01). Respoedbnts who had a better perception of their current health status were more physically active chi2 = 21.062, p = 0.0001). Multivariate analyses for the prediction of physical activity showed that physical activity self-efficacy, sex and peer influence were the most significant contributors in explaining physical activity among adolescents.
Physical activity interventions should include psychosocial components as mediator variables in interventions designed to promote regular physical activity in adolescence.
第三次全国健康与发病率调查（卫生部，2008年）结果表明，马来西亚成年人中身体活动不足的患病率为43.7%。这种久坐不动的生活方式在儿童和青少年中也很常见。
开展了一项横断面研究，以确定彭亨州关丹市400名13岁青少年身体活动水平的相关因素。使用自填问卷收集社会人口统计学、健康相关和心理社会因素的数据，同时使用《大龄儿童身体活动问卷》（PAQ-C）评估身体活动水平。
约三分之一的受访者身体活动水平较低，61.5%处于中等水平，只有3.0%的青少年身体活动水平较高。男性比女性更活跃（卡方=23.667，p=0.0001），女性青少年（45.1%）处于低身体活动水平类别的可能性是男性青少年（22.1%）的两倍。身体活动水平与社会人口统计学和健康相关因素、体重状况认知和身体部位满意度之间的关联不显著。然而，发现身体活动与身体活动自我效能感（r=0.496，p=0.0001）、同伴影响（r=0.468，p=0.0001）、家庭影响（r=0.298，p=0.0001）以及对身体活动结果的信念（r=0.207，p=0.0001）呈正相关。身体活动与抑郁（r=-0.116，p=0.021）和体型差异（r=-0.143，p<0.01）之间存在负相关。对自身当前健康状况认知较好的受访者身体活动更活跃（卡方=21.062，p=0.0001）。身体活动预测的多变量分析表明，身体活动自我效能感、性别和同伴影响是解释青少年身体活动的最重要因素。
在旨在促进青少年定期进行身体活动的干预措施中，身体活动干预应包括心理社会成分作为中介变量。
