Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders and Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2012 Mar;35(3):197-208. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2011.12.006. Epub 2012 Feb 1.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) reflect the spectrum of neural impairments seen during chronic viral infection. Current research efforts focus on improving antiretroviral and adjunctive therapies, defining disease onset and progression, facilitating drug delivery, and halting neurodegeneration and viral resistance. Because HIV is species-specific, generating disease in small-animal models has proved challenging. After two decades of research, rodent HAND models now include those containing a human immune system. Antiviral responses, neuroinflammation and immunocyte blood-brain barrier (BBB) trafficking follow HIV infection in these rodent models. We review these and other rodent models of HAND and discuss their unmet potential in reflecting human pathobiology and in facilitating disease monitoring and therapeutic discoveries.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）相关的神经认知障碍（HAND）反映了慢性病毒感染期间出现的一系列神经损伤。目前的研究重点是改善抗逆转录病毒和辅助治疗，定义疾病的起始和进展，促进药物输送，并阻止神经退行性变和病毒耐药性。由于 HIV 是种属特异性的，因此在小动物模型中产生疾病具有挑战性。经过二十年的研究，啮齿动物 HAND 模型现在包括含有人类免疫系统的模型。在这些啮齿动物模型中，抗病毒反应、神经炎症和免疫细胞血脑屏障（BBB）迁移都遵循 HIV 感染的发生。我们回顾了这些和其他啮齿动物 HAND 模型，并讨论了它们在反映人类病理生理学和促进疾病监测和治疗发现方面尚未满足的潜力。
