Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology. Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University. Avda. Atenas s/n. E-28922 Alcorcón (Madrid), Spain.
Environ Int. 2012 May;41:35-43. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.12.006. Epub 2012 Feb 2.
This work investigates for the first time the occurrence of drugs of abuse and metabolites in surface waters from the Tagus River on its way through the province of Toledo (downstream Madrid metropolitan area) and in drinking waters in two nearby cities. Some of the studied drugs are used for therapeutic purposes but they can also be consumed as illicit drugs. The results of this preliminary study have revealed the presence of 12 out of 22 drugs of abuse analyzed in fluvial water at concentrations ranging from 1.14 to 40.9 ng/L. The largest concentrations corresponded to the anxiolytics diazepam and lorazepam, the cocaine metabolite benzoilecgonine, the amphetamine-like compound ephedrine, and the methadone metabolite EDDP. All these substances, except for lorazepam, were detected in all the sampling points. Traces of methadone and ephedrine were detected in some samples of tap water. Despite the low concentrations of these pollutants, effects on wildlife or human health cannot be disregarded, especially on vulnerable population. Thus, the treatment of these substances using a heterogeneous photo-Fenton process has been evaluated, rendering a remarkable effectiveness for their degradation.
本研究首次调查了塔霍河（马德里大都市区下游的托莱多省）地表水和两个邻近城市饮用水中滥用药物及其代谢物的存在情况。一些研究药物具有治疗用途，但也可能被用作非法药物。初步研究结果显示，在河流水中检测到了 22 种滥用药物中的 12 种，浓度范围为 1.14 至 40.9ng/L。最大浓度对应于苯二氮䓬类药物地西泮和劳拉西泮、可卡因代谢物苯甲酰可卡因、安非他命样化合物麻黄碱和美沙酮代谢物 EDDP。除了劳拉西泮之外，所有这些物质都在所有采样点被检测到。在一些自来水样本中检测到了美沙酮和麻黄碱的痕迹。尽管这些污染物的浓度较低，但不能忽视它们对野生动物或人类健康的影响，尤其是对弱势群体的影响。因此，使用非均相光芬顿工艺对这些物质进行了处理，结果表明其降解效果显著。
