Research Group in Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology (ToxAmb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain.
Research Group in Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology (ToxAmb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Dec 1;500-501:139-46. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.098. Epub 2014 Sep 15.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence and concentrations of the main phthalates in water from the Jarama and Manzanares rivers in the region of Madrid (RM, Central Spain), the most densely populated region of Spain, and to determine the possible oestrogenic activity based on found phthalate concentration. The presence of phthalates in major supply drinking water areas of the RM was also analysed, thus allowing a preliminary assessment of the health risks resulting from the concentrations obtained. The results of this study show the presence of the three (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP) di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP)) of five phthalates studied (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), benzyl-butyl phthalate (BBP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP)). The DBP was found in both river and tap water samplers, whereas DMP and DEP were found in only drinking water samples. The DBP was found to make the highest average contribution to pollution in both river and tap water. The DEHP was not found in both the river and tap water because it is one of the most regulated phthalates. The highest phthalate contamination was found in the Manzanares river and in those areas that receive treated water from the Tagus river. The phthalates found in river and tap water in the RM do not represent a potential oestrogenic risk for the aquatic environment or humans. A preliminary risk assessment suggested that the risk of exposure to phthalates from tap water in this study is acceptable, although continuous monitoring of the presence of these substances in both drinking and river water should be undertaken to detect possible increases in their concentrations. This is the first study to analyse the presence of phthalates in both rivers and drinking water of the centre of Spain.
本研究的目的是评估西班牙人口最密集的马德里地区（RM）的 Jarama 和 Manzanares 河水中主要邻苯二甲酸盐的存在和浓度，并根据所发现的邻苯二甲酸盐浓度确定其可能的雌激素活性。还分析了 RM 主要供水饮用水区中邻苯二甲酸盐的存在，从而可以初步评估从获得的浓度中产生的健康风险。这项研究的结果表明，在所研究的五种邻苯二甲酸酯中，有三种（邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP））存在于河水中和自来水中采样器中，而 DMP 和 DEP 仅存在于饮用水样品中。DBP 被发现对河水和自来水的污染平均贡献最高。DEHP 未在河水和自来水中发现，因为它是受管制最严格的邻苯二甲酸酯之一。在 Manzanares 河和接收来自 Tagus 河水处理的那些地区发现了最高的邻苯二甲酸酯污染。RM 中河流和自来水中发现的邻苯二甲酸盐不会对水生环境或人类造成潜在的雌激素风险。初步风险评估表明，从本研究中的自来水中接触邻苯二甲酸盐的风险是可以接受的，尽管应继续监测饮用水和河水中这些物质的存在，以检测其浓度可能增加。这是首次分析西班牙中部河流和饮用水中邻苯二甲酸盐存在的研究。
