KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Apr 3;46(7):4125-33. doi: 10.1021/es203744g. Epub 2012 Feb 29.
A screening-level risk assessment of Q fever transmission through drinking water produced from groundwater in the vicinity of infected goat barnyards that employed aeration of the water was performed. Quantitative data from scientific literature were collected and a Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment approach was followed. An exposure model was developed to calculate the dose to which consumers of aerated groundwater are exposed through aerosols inhalation during showering. The exposure assessment and hazard characterization were integrated in a screening-level risk characterization using a dose-response model for inhalation to determine the risk of Q fever through tap water. A nominal range sensitivity analysis was performed. The estimated risk of disease was lower than 10(-4) per person per year (pppy), hence the risk of transmission of C. burnetii through inhalation of drinking water aerosols is very low. The sensitivity analysis shows that the most uncertain parameters are the aeration process, the transport of C. burnetii in bioaerosols via the air, the aerosolization of C. burnetii in the shower, and the air filtration efficiency. The risk was compared to direct airborne exposure of persons in the vicinity of infected goat farms; the relative risk of exposure through inhalation of drinking water aerosols was 0.002%.
对附近受感染山羊养殖场采用曝气方式处理的地下水生产的饮用水传播 Q 热的风险进行了筛选水平风险评估。从科学文献中收集了定量数据，并采用定量微生物风险评估方法。建立了一个暴露模型，以计算消费者在淋浴时通过吸入气溶胶而暴露于曝气地下水的剂量。通过吸入剂量反应模型将暴露评估和危害特征整合到筛选水平风险特征中，以确定通过自来水感染 Q 热的风险。进行了名义范围敏感性分析。估计的疾病风险低于每年每人人 10(-4)（pppy），因此通过吸入饮用水气溶胶传播 C. burnetii 的风险非常低。敏感性分析表明，最不确定的参数是曝气过程、生物气溶胶中 C. burnetii 的传输、淋浴中 C. burnetii 的气溶胶化以及空气过滤效率。将风险与受感染山羊养殖场附近人员的直接空气暴露进行了比较；通过饮用水中气溶胶吸入暴露的相对风险为 0.002%。
