The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2012 Feb;11(2):237-56. doi: 10.1586/erv.11.189.
The innate immune system plays an essential role in the host's first line of defense against microbial invasion, and involves the recognition of distinct pathogen-associated molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Activation of PRRs triggers cell signaling leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and Type 1 interferons, and the induction of antimicrobial and inflammatory responses. These innate responses are also responsible for instructing the development of an appropriate pathogen-specific adaptive immune response. In this review, the focus is on different classes of PRRs that have been identified, including Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, and the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors, and their importance in host defense against infection. The role of PRR cooperation in generating optimal immune responses required for protective immunity and the potential of targeting PRRs in the development of a new generation of vaccine adjuvants is also discussed.
先天免疫系统在宿主抵御微生物入侵的第一道防线中发挥着至关重要的作用，涉及到模式识别受体（PRRs）对独特的病原体相关分子模式的识别。PRRs 的激活触发细胞信号转导，导致促炎细胞因子、趋化因子和 I 型干扰素的产生，并诱导抗菌和炎症反应。这些先天反应还负责指导产生适当的病原体特异性适应性免疫反应。在这篇综述中，重点介绍了已鉴定出的不同类型的 PRRs，包括 Toll 样受体、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体和视黄酸诱导基因 I 样受体，以及它们在宿主抗感染防御中的重要性。还讨论了 PRR 合作在产生保护性免疫所需的最佳免疫反应中的作用，以及靶向 PRRs 开发新一代疫苗佐剂的潜力。
