Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2013 Aug;39(3):229-46. doi: 10.3109/1040841X.2012.706249. Epub 2012 Aug 6.
Microbial challenges to the host initiate an array of defense processes through the activation of innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity consists of sensors or pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that are expressed on immune and non-immune cells and sense conserved pathogen-derived molecules or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in various compartments of the host cells. Recognition of the PAMPs by PRRs triggers antimicrobial effector responses via the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFNs. Several families of PRRs, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and DNA sensors and their respective PAMPs have been well studied in innate immunity and host defense. Here, we review the recent findings on bacterial recognition by TLRs and NLRs and the signaling pathways activated by these sensors.
微生物对宿主的挑战通过激活先天免疫和适应性免疫引发一系列防御过程。先天免疫由表达在免疫细胞和非免疫细胞上的传感器或模式识别受体 (PRR) 组成，这些传感器或模式识别受体可以识别宿主细胞各个隔室中保守的病原体衍生分子或病原体相关分子模式 (PAMP)。PRR 识别 PAMP 会通过诱导促炎细胞因子和 I 型干扰素来触发抗菌效应反应。几种 PRR 家族，如 Toll 样受体 (TLR)、NOD 样受体 (NLR)、RIG-I 样受体 (RLR)、DNA 传感器及其各自的 PAMP，在先天免疫和宿主防御中已经得到了很好的研究。在这里，我们综述了细菌识别 TLR 和 NLR 以及这些传感器激活的信号通路的最新发现。
