Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, India.
Clin Chim Acta. 2012 Apr 11;413(7-8):669-74. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.01.028. Epub 2012 Jan 27.
Macrophages are key players of the immune system and express a variety of surface receptors. CD163 is one such receptor which belongs to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich super family (SRCR-SF) class B. It has four isoforms which differ in the structure of their cytoplasmic domains and putative phosphorylation sites. Expression of CD163 is tightly regulated with a general tendency of anti-inflammatory signals to induce its synthesis, while pro-inflammatory signals downregulate its expression. Previously the molecule has been shown to act as a receptor for hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes. However, it also plays a crucial role in the control of inflammatory processes by induction of anti-inflammatory pathways. Soluble CD163, which is generated via ectodomain shedding, serves as a potential diagnostic tool in a variety of disease states, such as inflammation, atherosclerosis, transplant rejection and carcinoma. Recently, CD163 has been identified as a promising target for cell directed therapy. In this review we aim to summarize the current knowledge of CD163.
巨噬细胞是免疫系统的关键参与者，表达多种表面受体。CD163 就是其中一种受体，属于清道夫受体富含半胱氨酸超家族 (SRCR-SF) B 类。它有四种异构体，其细胞质结构域和假定磷酸化位点不同。CD163 的表达受到严格调控，一般抗炎信号诱导其合成，而促炎信号下调其表达。该分子先前被证明是血红蛋白-触珠蛋白复合物的受体。然而，它通过诱导抗炎途径在控制炎症过程中也起着至关重要的作用。通过蛋白水解作用产生的可溶性 CD163 可作为多种疾病状态（如炎症、动脉粥样硬化、移植排斥和癌）的潜在诊断工具。最近，CD163 已被确定为细胞定向治疗的有希望的靶标。在这篇综述中，我们旨在总结 CD163 的最新知识。
