Center for Rural and Community Health, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV 24901, USA.
J Nutr Educ Behav. 2012 Jul-Aug;44(4):326-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2011.08.002. Epub 2012 Feb 5.
Examine after-school activity patterns, eating behaviors, and social environment of overweight and normal weight middle school students.
Eating and physical activity behaviors of 141 students, ages 10-14, were monitored. Students completed a diary documenting type of activity, location, adult supervision, accompanying participants, and eating habits from 3:00 pm-12:00 am.
Three middle schools, grades 6-8.
Body mass index, estimated energy expenditure, eating behavior, active time, sedentary time, supervised time.
t tests, ANOVA, chi-square, correlation coefficients. Significance set at P < .05.
Children spent 76% of time sedentary, and 85% of sedentary time was under adult supervision (r = 0.76). Active time related to time with friends (r = 0.64) and family (r = 0.46). Children spent 40% of eating time consuming unhealthful food, and adults supervised 86% of children's eating. Overweight and normal weight children were similarly active (335 ± 156 vs 373 ± 194 counts per minute). Overweight girls spent more eating time (77%) eating healthfully than overweight boys (57%).
Children should be given access to healthful food and encouraged to eat healthfully when alone and with friends. Adults should be more physically engaged with children. Children should be encouraged to eat under adult supervision and with their families.
研究超重和正常体重的中学生的课余活动模式、饮食习惯和社会环境。
对 141 名 10-14 岁学生的饮食和体育活动行为进行监测。学生们填写了一份日记，记录下午 3 点至凌晨 12 点的活动类型、地点、成人监督、随行人员和饮食习惯。
三所中学，6-8 年级。
体重指数、估计能量消耗、饮食行为、活跃时间、久坐时间、监督时间。
t 检验、方差分析、卡方检验、相关系数。P <.05 为差异有统计学意义。
儿童 76%的时间处于久坐状态，85%的久坐时间有成人监督（r = 0.76）。活跃时间与与朋友（r = 0.64）和家人（r = 0.46）相处时间有关。儿童 40%的进食时间用于食用不健康的食物，86%的儿童进食时间有成人监督。超重和正常体重儿童的活动量相似（335 ± 156 与 373 ± 194 计数/分钟）。超重女孩比超重男孩（57%比 77%）在独自和与朋友进食时更倾向于选择健康食物。
应让儿童接触健康食品，并鼓励其独自和与朋友一起健康饮食。成人应更多地与儿童进行身体活动。应鼓励儿童在成人监督和与家人一起进食。
