Grau Carmona T, López Martínez J, Vila García B
Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
Med Intensiva. 2011 Nov;35 Suppl 1:38-41. doi: 10.1016/S0210-5691(11)70008-0.
Severe acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is one of the most frequent reasons for admission to the intensive care unit. Among the most frequent causes for admission are exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure with acute lung injury (ALI) or with criteria of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These patients have a high risk of malnutrition due to the underlying disease, their altered catabolism and the use of mechanical ventilation. Consequently, nutritional evaluation and the use of specialized nutritional support are required. This support should alleviate the catabolic effects of the disease, avoid calorie overload and, in selected patients, to use omega-3 fatty acid- and antioxidant-enriched diets, which could improve outcome.
需要机械通气的严重急性呼吸衰竭是入住重症监护病房最常见的原因之一。最常见的入院原因包括慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重以及伴有急性肺损伤（ALI）或符合急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）标准的急性呼吸衰竭。由于基础疾病、分解代谢改变以及机械通气的使用，这些患者存在较高的营养不良风险。因此，需要进行营养评估并使用专门的营养支持。这种支持应减轻疾病的分解代谢影响，避免热量过载，并且在特定患者中，使用富含ω-3脂肪酸和抗氧化剂的饮食，这可能改善预后。
