Hannah J F, Wilson J L, Cox N A, Richardson L J, Cason J A, Bourassa D V, Buhr R J
Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Avian Dis. 2011 Dec;55(4):580-7. doi: 10.1637/9717-031511-Reg.1.
In each of five sequential trials, laying hens (56-72 wk of age) were challenged with Salmonella and Campylobacter, and 1 wk postinoculation, the challenged hens (n = 3) were commingled with nonchallenged hens (n = 12) in conventional wire cages, on all-wire slats, or on all-shavings floor housing systems. After 12 days, challenged and nonchallenged hens were euthanatized for sample collection. Ceca were aseptically collected from all hens, and the spleen, liver/gallbladder (LGB), lower (LRT) and upper (URT) reproductive tracts, and ovarian follicles (mature and immature) were collected from only the challenged hens after commingling. Samples were divided equally and cultured separately for Salmonella and Campylobacter. Differences in the horizontal transmission of the challenge Salmonella to nonchallenged hens housed in cages (12%), on slats (15%), and on shavings (14%) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the challenged pen-mate hens over the five trials. However, with the inclusion of residual environmental Salmonella, the recovery of Salmonella from nonchallenged hens housed in cages was lowest at 15%, intermediate for hens on slats at 20%, and highest for hens on shavings at 38%. Among challenged hens housed in cages, Salmonella was recovered from only 27% of the cecum and LRT samples. From challenged hens housed on slats, Salmonella was recovered from 38% of the cecum, 12% of the spleen, 19% of the LGB, 44% of the LRT, and 19% of the URT samples. From challenged hens housed on shavings, Salmonella was recovered from 31% of the cecum; 15% of the spleen, LGB, and URT; and 31% of the LRT samples. Horizontal transmission of Campylobacter among nonchallenged pen-mate hens was significantly lower for hens housed in cages at 28% than for hens on shavings at 47%, with hens on slats being intermediate at 36%. For challenged hens housed in cages, Campylobacter was recovered from 27% of the cecum, 13% of the LRT, 7% of the URT, and 17% of the follicle samples. Among the challenged hens housed on slats, Campylobacter was recovered from 44% of the cecum, 6% of the spleen, 19% of the LGB, 12% of the LRT, 6% of the URT, and 14% of the follicle samples. Among challenged hens housed on shavings, Campylobacter was recovered from 46% of the cecum, 8% of the LRT and URT, and 40% of the follicle samples. The overall results of this study indicate that the caged housing system provided the lowest horizontal transmission level of Salmonella and Campylobacter among egg-laying hens.
在连续进行的五项试验中，对产蛋母鸡（56 - 72周龄）进行沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌攻毒。接种后1周，将攻毒母鸡（n = 3）与未攻毒母鸡（n = 12）混合饲养在传统的钢丝笼、全钢丝板条或全刨花地面饲养系统中。12天后，对攻毒和未攻毒母鸡实施安乐死以采集样本。从所有母鸡无菌采集盲肠，仅从混合饲养后的攻毒母鸡采集脾脏、肝脏/胆囊（LGB）、下（LRT）和上（URT）生殖道以及卵巢卵泡（成熟和未成熟）。样本平均分成两份，分别培养沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌。在五项试验中，攻毒沙门氏菌向饲养在笼中（12%）、板条上（15%）和刨花上（14%）的未攻毒母鸡的水平传播差异与攻毒同栏母鸡相比无显著差异（P > 0.05）。然而，计入残留环境沙门氏菌后，饲养在笼中的未攻毒母鸡沙门氏菌回收率最低，为15%；板条上的母鸡居中，为20%；刨花上的母鸡最高，为38%。在饲养在笼中的攻毒母鸡中，仅27%的盲肠和LRT样本检出沙门氏菌。在饲养在板条上的攻毒母鸡中，38%的盲肠、12%的脾脏、19%的LGB、44%的LRT和19%的URT样本检出沙门氏菌。在饲养在刨花上的攻毒母鸡中，31%的盲肠、15%的脾脏、LGB和URT以及31%的LRT样本检出沙门氏菌。弯曲杆菌在未攻毒同栏母鸡中的水平传播，饲养在笼中的母鸡显著低于饲养在刨花上的母鸡，分别为28%和47%，饲养在板条上的母鸡居中，为36%。在饲养在笼中的攻毒母鸡中，27%的盲肠、13%的LRT、7%的URT和17%的卵泡样本检出弯曲杆菌。在饲养在板条上的攻毒母鸡中，44%的盲肠、6%的脾脏、19%的LGB、12%的LRT、6%的URT和14%的卵泡样本检出弯曲杆菌。在饲养在刨花上的攻毒母鸡中，46%的盲肠、8%的LRT和URT以及40%的卵泡样本检出弯曲杆菌。本研究的总体结果表明，笼养系统在产蛋母鸡中提供了最低水平的沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌水平传播。
