Longitudinal study highlights patterns of serovar co-occurrence and exclusion in commercial poultry production.

Recent advances in next-generation sequencing approaches have revealed that often exists in multiserovar populations, with important implications for public health as time and resource constraints limit serovar characterization by colony-based isolation methods. It is important to characterize population dynamics to then understand how the microbial ecology influences serovar evolution and thus, animal and human health outcomes. Chicken remains the leading source of foodborne outbreaks in the U. S., despite reductions in contamination at the product level, underscoring the need for targeted control strategies. This study aimed to survey multiserovar populations in broiler breeder flocks and monitor fluctuations throughout production. Deep serotyping was performed on environmental breeder samples collected over 2 years as part of a surveillance program. About 18% (104/568) of samples contained multiple serovars, with serovar Kentucky negatively associated with other serovars, often excluding them. Longitudinal sampling across two commercial complexes over 65 weeks included pullet and breeder farms. Environmental samples were collected via pre-moistened boot socks and rodent bait boxes, with on-farm rodents captured. prevalence in pullet flocks was 17% (11/64), while 41% (135/330) of breeder samples were positive, peaking at 38 weeks of age. Rodents showed 35% (17/49) positivity in gastrointestinal samples and 9% (3/33) in bait station swabs, with six serovars identified, three of which were shared with flocks. Our cross-sectional and longitudinal surveillance highlights the complexity of serovar interactions with further work required to elucidate the mechanisms of competitive exclusion.