Barriers and enablers to introducing comprehensive patient blood management in the hospital.

Patient Blood Management (PBM) is a patient-focused multidisciplinary and comprehensive concept that is designed to ensure the optimal, appropriate and safe use of blood and blood products, resulting in better outcome and safety for the recipients. The World Health Organization, in May 2010, adopted a resolution in favour of PBM, on the availability, safety and quality of blood products and their safe and rational use. However, several factors may enhance or hamper this process including health care personnel, available techniques and technologies, devices, standards, guidelines and documentation, quality systems as well as coordination, monitoring and evaluation. The implications in developing countries may have other peculiarities.