Vox Sang. 2012 Nov;103(4):337-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2012.01630.x. Epub 2012 Jun 13.
All countries face challenges in making sufficient supplies of blood and blood products available and sustainable, while also ensuring the quality and safety of these products in the face of known and emerging threats to public health. Since 1975, the World Health Assembly (WHA) has highlighted the global need for blood safety and availability. WHA resolutions 63·12, 58·13 and 28·72, The Melbourne Declaration on 100% Voluntary Non-Remunerated Donation of Blood and Blood Components and WHO Global Blood Safety Network recommendations have reaffirmed the achievement of 'Self-sufficiency in blood and blood products based on voluntary non-remunerated blood donation (VNRBD)' as the important national policy direction for ensuring a safe, secure and sufficient supply of blood and blood products, including labile blood components and plasma-derived medicinal products. Despite some successes, self-sufficiency is not yet a reality in many countries. A consultation of experts, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in September 2011 in Geneva, Switzerland, addressed the urgent need to establish strategies and mechanisms for achieving self-sufficiency. Information on the current situation, and country perspectives and experiences were shared. Factors influencing the global implementation of self-sufficiency, including safety, ethics, security and sustainability of supply, trade and its potential impact on public health, availability and access for patients, were analysed to define strategies and mechanisms and provide practical guidance on achieving self-sufficiency. Experts developed a consensus statement outlining the rationale and definition of self-sufficiency in safe blood and blood products based on VNRBD and made recommendations to national health authorities and WHO.
所有国家都面临着如何确保充足且可持续的血液和血液制品供应，并在面临已知和新出现的公共卫生威胁时确保这些产品的质量和安全的挑战。自 1975 年以来，世界卫生大会（WHA）一直强调全球对血液安全和供应的需求。WHA 第 63·12、58·13 和 28·72 号决议、《墨尔本宣言》（关于 100%自愿无偿献血和血液成分）以及世卫组织全球血液安全网络的建议，都重申了“基于自愿无偿献血（VNRBD）实现血液和血液制品自给自足”作为确保血液和血液制品安全、有保障和充足供应的重要国家政策方向，包括不稳定血液成分和血浆衍生药物。尽管取得了一些成功，但在许多国家，自给自足尚未成为现实。2011 年 9 月，世界卫生组织（世卫组织）在瑞士日内瓦召集专家举行磋商，讨论迫切需要制定实现自给自足的战略和机制。会上分享了关于当前情况以及各国观点和经验的信息。分析了影响全球实现自给自足的因素，包括安全、道德、供应的安全性和可持续性、贸易及其对公共卫生的潜在影响、患者的可及性和可获得性，以确定战略和机制，并就实现自给自足提供实用指导。专家们达成了一项共识声明，概述了基于 VNRBD 的安全血液和血液制品自给自足的基本原理和定义，并向国家卫生当局和世卫组织提出了建议。
