Oppold P, Rupp M, Mouloua M, Hancock P A, Martin J
Transportation Research Group, Psychology Department, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd. Orlando, FL 32816-1390, USA.
Work. 2012;41 Suppl 1:5609-11. doi: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0896-5609.
Unmanned (UAVs, UCAVs, and UGVs) systems still have major human factors and ergonomic challenges related to the effective design of their control interface systems, crucial to their efficient operation, maintenance, and safety. Unmanned system interfaces with a human centered approach promote intuitive interfaces that are easier to learn, and reduce human errors and other cognitive ergonomic issues with interface design. Automation has shifted workload from physical to cognitive, thus control interfaces for unmanned systems need to reduce mental workload on the operators and facilitate the interaction between vehicle and operator. Two-handed video game controllers provide wide usability within the overall population, prior exposure for new operators, and a variety of interface complexity levels to match the complexity level of the task and reduce cognitive load. This paper categorizes and provides taxonomy for 121 haptic interfaces from the entertainment industry that can be utilized as control interfaces for unmanned systems. Five categories of controllers were based on the complexity of the buttons, control pads, joysticks, and switches on the controller. This allows the selection of the level of complexity needed for a specific task without creating an entirely new design or utilizing an overly complex design.
无人（无人机、无人作战飞机和无人地面车辆）系统在其控制接口系统的有效设计方面仍然存在重大的人为因素和人机工程学挑战，而这对其高效运行、维护和安全至关重要。以用户为中心的无人系统接口促进了直观的接口，使其更易于学习，并减少了接口设计中的人为错误和其他认知人机工程学问题。自动化已将工作量从体力转移到认知方面，因此无人系统的控制接口需要减少操作员的脑力工作量，并促进车辆与操作员之间的交互。双手视频游戏控制器在总体人群中具有广泛的可用性，新操作员有过使用经验，并且具有各种接口复杂度级别，以匹配任务的复杂度级别并减少认知负荷。本文对来自娱乐行业的121种触觉接口进行了分类并提供了分类法，这些接口可作为无人系统的控制接口。五类控制器基于控制器上按钮、控制板、操纵杆和开关的复杂度。这使得可以选择特定任务所需的复杂度级别，而无需创建全新的设计或使用过于复杂的设计。
