Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Biometals. 2012 Aug;25(4):643-55. doi: 10.1007/s10534-012-9526-x. Epub 2012 Feb 9.
Zinc, iron, and manganese are essential trace elements that serve as catalytic or structural components of larger molecules that are indispensable for life. The three metal ions possess similar chemical properties and have been shown to compete for uptake in a variety of tissues, suggesting that they share common transport proteins. Two likely candidates are the recently identified transmembrane proteins ZIP14 and ZIP8, which have been shown to mediate the cellular uptake of a number of divalent metal ions including zinc, iron, manganese, and cadmium. Although knockout and transgenic mouse models are beginning to define the physiologic roles of ZIP14 and ZIP8 in the handling of zinc and cadmium, their roles in the metabolism of iron and manganese remain to be defined. Here we review similarities and differences in ZIP14 and ZIP8 in terms of structure, metal transport, tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and regulation. We also discuss potential roles of these proteins in the metabolism of zinc, iron, manganese, and cadmium as well as recent associations with human diseases.
锌、铁和锰是必需的微量元素，它们作为较大分子的催化或结构成分，对生命是不可或缺的。这三种金属离子具有相似的化学性质，并且已经表明它们在各种组织中竞争摄取，表明它们共享共同的转运蛋白。两个可能的候选者是最近确定的跨膜蛋白 ZIP14 和 ZIP8，它们已被证明介导包括锌、铁、锰和镉在内的许多二价金属离子的细胞摄取。虽然敲除和转基因小鼠模型开始定义 ZIP14 和 ZIP8 在锌和镉处理中的生理作用，但它们在铁和锰代谢中的作用仍有待确定。在这里，我们根据结构、金属转运、组织分布、亚细胞定位和调节来综述 ZIP14 和 ZIP8 的相似性和差异。我们还讨论了这些蛋白质在锌、铁、锰和镉代谢中的潜在作用，以及最近与人类疾病的关联。
