Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Mar;27 Suppl 2:121-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.07021.x.
The health impact of alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking and obesity differs between Asian and Western countries. The epidemiology of cancer and death related to these lifestyles are described in this article. In Japan, heavy alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking are rather high in men. While there is a worldwide anti-smoking policy, Japan is still on the way to aiming at this goal, and this delay in health promotion has maintained the high impact of smoking, whether active or passive, on people's health in that country. Public health policy should focus more strongly on the control of smoking and heavy drinking, especially among men. Maintaining the consumption of alcohol at a level below 46 g a day in men and 23 g a day in women appears to minimize the risks of mortality and cancer in the Japanese population. On the other hand, the obesity rate is low and being underweight is common both in men and women. Proportions of cancer attributable to a body mass index of 25 or more are only 0.5% in men and 1.1% in women. Given that many previous studies in Japanese and Asian populations have associated a low body mass index with an increased risk of cancer, the impact of being underweight--not only obese--may warrant further investigation.
酒精摄入、吸烟和肥胖对亚洲和西方国家的健康影响不同。本文描述了与这些生活方式相关的癌症和死亡的流行病学。在日本，男性的酗酒和吸烟率相当高。虽然全球范围内都有反吸烟政策，但日本仍在朝着这一目标努力，这种在促进健康方面的延迟，无论是主动还是被动，都使该国人民的健康仍然受到吸烟的高度影响。公共卫生政策应更加强调控制吸烟和酗酒，尤其是在男性中。将男性每天摄入的酒精量控制在 46 克以下，女性每天摄入的酒精量控制在 23 克以下，似乎可以使日本人群的死亡率和癌症风险最小化。另一方面，日本男性和女性的肥胖率都较低，体重过轻也很常见。在男性中，归因于体重指数为 25 或更高的癌症比例仅为 0.5%，在女性中为 1.1%。鉴于许多之前在日本和亚洲人群中进行的研究表明，低体重指数与癌症风险增加有关，因此体重过轻——不仅是肥胖——的影响可能需要进一步研究。
