Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Curr Opin Virol. 2011 Dec;1(6):476-86. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.11.001.
The type I and III interferon (IFN) families consist of cytokines rapidly induced during viral infection that confer antiviral protection on target cells and are critical components of innate immune responses and the transition to effective adaptive immunity. The regulation of their expression involves an intricate and stringently regulated signaling cascade, initiated by recognition most often of viral nucleic acid in cytoplasmic and endosomal compartments and involving a series of protein conformational rearrangements and interactions regulated by helicase action, ubiquitin modification, and protein aggregation, culminating in kinase activation and phosphorylation of critical transcription factors and their regulators. The many IFN subtypes induced by viruses confer amplification, diversification, and cell-type specificity to the host response to infection, providing fertile ground for development of antiviral therapeutics and vaccines.
I 型和 III 型干扰素（IFN）家族由病毒感染时迅速诱导的细胞因子组成，赋予靶细胞抗病毒保护作用，是先天免疫反应和有效适应性免疫过渡的关键组成部分。它们的表达调控涉及一个复杂而严格调控的信号级联反应，通常由细胞质和内体区室中病毒核酸的识别所启动，涉及一系列由解旋酶作用、泛素修饰和蛋白质聚集调节的蛋白构象重排和相互作用，最终导致激酶激活和关键转录因子及其调节剂的磷酸化。病毒诱导的许多 IFN 亚型赋予宿主对感染的反应以放大、多样化和细胞类型特异性，为抗病毒治疗和疫苗的开发提供了肥沃的土壤。
