Dominick P. Purpura, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Kennedy Center, Room 703, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2012 Jun;22(3):496-508. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2012.01.007. Epub 2012 Feb 8.
Beyond their well-established role as triggers for LTP and LTD of fast synaptic transmission mediated by AMPA receptors, an expanding body of evidence indicates that NMDA receptors (NMDARs) themselves are also dynamically regulated and subject to activity-dependent long-term plasticity. NMDARs can significantly contribute to information transfer at synapses particularly during periods of repetitive activity. It is also increasingly recognized that NMDARs participate in dendritic synaptic integration and are critical for generating persistent activity of neural assemblies. Here we review recent advances on the mechanisms and functional consequences of NMDAR plasticity. Given the unique biophysical properties of NMDARs, synaptic plasticity of NMDAR-mediated transmission emerges as a particularly powerful mechanism for the fine tuning of information encoding and storage throughout the brain.
除了作为 AMPA 受体介导的快速突触传递的 LTP 和 LTD 的触发因素这一早已确立的作用外，越来越多的证据表明，NMDA 受体（NMDARs）本身也受到动态调节，并受到活动依赖性的长期可塑性的影响。NMDARs 可以在突触处显著促进信息传递，特别是在重复活动期间。人们也越来越认识到，NMDARs 参与树突突触整合，对于产生神经组合的持续活动至关重要。在这里，我们回顾了 NMDAR 可塑性的机制和功能后果的最新进展。鉴于 NMDAR 的独特生物物理特性，NMDAR 介导的传递的突触可塑性成为大脑中精细调节信息编码和存储的一种特别强大的机制。
