United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, GA 30333, USA.
Vaccine. 2012 Mar 28;30(15):2551-5. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.084. Epub 2012 Feb 8.
Recommended childhood vaccines have typically been provided through routine immunization programs. Recently, implementation of strategies that use campaign-like features for providing all the recommended childhood immunizations have been utilized to increase vaccination coverage. Between January 2006 and January 2008, Assam, India, conducted Immunization Weeks (IWs), a periodic campaign-like approach for providing the recommended childhood vaccines generally administered through the routine Universal Immunization Program (UIP). Using data from a household vaccination coverage survey conducted in 5 districts of Assam in late-2007/early-2008 among children 12-28 months of age, a secondary analysis was conducted for a subset of children with vaccination cards to assess the impacts of implementing the IW-strategy. Sixty-five percent of the 3310 surveyed children received at least one vaccine dose through an IW. Without IWs, coverage would likely have been lower for all vaccines (e.g., 75% measles vaccine coverage including IWs doses and an estimated 61% without IWs). The proportion of children receiving at least one IW dose was significantly different depending on the child's residence; 72% in hard-to-reach char areas, 66% in rural areas and 53% in urban areas (p=0.01). Overall, 2085 (63%) of children were fully vaccinated; of these 60% received a combination of IW and UIP doses, 35% received doses only through the UIP, and 5% received doses only through IWs. A delay in administration later than the recommended ages was found for both UIP doses and for IW doses (e.g., for measles vaccine, UIP doses were 6.9 weeks delayed and IW doses 13.6 weeks delayed). Among this sample of vaccinated children, IWs appeared to increase vaccination coverage and improve access to services in hard-to-reach areas. However, the UIP appeared to be a better system for ensuring that children received all doses in the recommended vaccination series.
推荐的儿童疫苗通常通过常规免疫规划提供。最近，实施了一些类似运动的策略，通过这些策略提供所有推荐的儿童免疫接种，以提高疫苗接种覆盖率。2006 年 1 月至 2008 年 1 月期间，印度阿萨姆邦开展了免疫周活动（IWs），这是一种定期的类似运动的方法，用于提供通常通过常规普遍免疫规划（UIP）管理的推荐儿童疫苗。利用 2007 年末至 2008 年初在阿萨姆邦 5 个区进行的家庭疫苗接种覆盖率调查的数据，对有疫苗接种卡的儿童进行了二次分析，以评估实施 IW 策略的影响。在接受调查的 3310 名儿童中，65%的儿童通过 IW 接种了至少一剂疫苗。如果没有 IWs，所有疫苗的覆盖率可能会更低（例如，包括 IWs 剂量的麻疹疫苗覆盖率为 75%，而没有 IWs 的估计为 61%）。根据儿童的居住地，接受至少一剂 IW 剂量的儿童比例有显著差异；在难以到达的 char 地区为 72%，在农村地区为 66%，在城市地区为 53%（p=0.01）。总体而言，2085（63%）名儿童完全接种了疫苗；其中 60%的儿童同时接受了 IW 和 UIP 剂量，35%的儿童仅接受 UIP 剂量，5%的儿童仅接受 IW 剂量。无论是 UIP 剂量还是 IW 剂量，都发现接种年龄比推荐年龄延迟（例如，麻疹疫苗的 UIP 剂量延迟了 6.9 周，IW 剂量延迟了 13.6 周）。在这个接种疫苗的儿童样本中，IW 似乎增加了疫苗接种覆盖率，并改善了难以到达地区的服务获取。然而，UIP 似乎是一个更好的系统，可以确保儿童在推荐的疫苗接种系列中接受所有剂量。
