California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Adv Mater. 2012 Jan 10;24(2):286-93. doi: 10.1002/adma.201103053.
Recent advances in the neuromorphic operation of atomic switches as individual synapse-like devices demonstrate the ability to process information with both short-term and long-term memorization in a single two terminal junction. Here it is shown that atomic switches can be self-assembled within a highly interconnected network of silver nanowires similar in structure to Turing’s “B-Type unorganized machine”, originally proposed as a randomly connected network of NAND logic gates. In these experimental embodiments,complex networks of coupled atomic switches exhibit emergent criticality similar in nature to previously reported electrical activity of biological brains and neuron assemblies. Rapid fluctuations in electrical conductance display metastability and power law scaling of temporal correlation lengths that are attributed to dynamic reorganization of the interconnected electro-ionic network resulting from induced non-equilibrium thermodynamic instabilities. These collective properties indicate a potential utility for realtime,multi-input processing of distributed sensory data through reservoir computation. We propose these highly coupled, nonlinear electronic networks as an implementable hardware-based platform toward the creation of physically intelligent machines.
近期在原子开关的神经形态运算方面取得的进展表明，单个双端结具有同时进行短期和长期记忆信息处理的能力。本文表明，原子开关可以在类似于图灵的“B 型无组织机”的高度互联的银纳米线网络中自组装，该结构最初被提议作为一个由 NAND 逻辑门组成的随机连接网络。在这些实验实施例中，耦合原子开关的复杂网络表现出与先前报道的生物大脑和神经元集合的电活动相似的突现临界性。电导率的快速波动表现出亚稳性和时间相关长度的幂律标度，这归因于感应非平衡热力学不稳定性导致的互联电动离子网络的动态重组。这些集体性质表明，通过储层计算进行分布式传感数据的实时、多输入处理具有潜在的实用性。我们提出这些高度耦合的非线性电子网络作为一种可实现的基于硬件的平台，用于创建物理智能机器。
