University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Clin Dermatol. 2012 Mar-Apr;30(2):231-6. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.06.013.
Physicians often face tremendous pressures and incentives to publish, sometimes leading to a compromise of ethical standards, either consciously or unconsciously. From the vantage of ethical authorship, we discuss what constitutes authorship; avoidance of ghost authorship; plagiarism, as well as self-plagiarism and duplicate publication; falsification; and fabrication. Editors also face ethical challenges, including how best to manage peer-review bias, to address reviewer tardiness, and to locate reviewers with appropriate expertise and professionalism. Editors need to deal with authors who fragment their work into multiple publications to enhance their curriculum vitae ("salami factor"), as well as to manage the financial benefits of advertising and to avoid conflicts of interest for the journal. Both authors and editors should be straightforward and principled throughout the publication process.
医生在发表医学研究成果时往往面临着巨大的压力和激励，这有时会导致他们在有意或无意间违背道德标准。从道德意义上的作者身份的角度来看，我们讨论了什么是作者身份；如何避免幽灵作者；剽窃，包括自我剽窃和重复发表；伪造；以及捏造。编辑也面临着道德方面的挑战，包括如何最好地管理同行评审的偏见，解决评审员的拖延问题，并找到具有适当专业知识和职业道德的评审员。编辑需要处理将工作分割成多个出版物以增加简历的作者（“意大利香肠因素”），以及管理广告的经济利益和避免期刊的利益冲突。作者和编辑都应该在整个出版过程中保持坦率和原则性。
