Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2012 Apr;46(2):234-41. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102012005000015. Epub 2012 Feb 14.
To analyze the evolution of stunting among children and adolescents and identify their associated factors.
This was a cross-sectional study using data from the state health and nutrition surveys that were conducted in Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil) in 1997 and 2006. The sample was probabilistic (random and stratified) and was representative of urban and rural strata of the state. Questionnaires containing precoded questions relating to information on socioeconomic, demographic and anthropometric variables (of the mothers, children and adolescents) were used for data gathering. The population studied comprised 1853 children and 1484 adolescents between the ages of five and 19 years. Multiple regression analysis with hierarchical selection was used to evaluate associations between explanatory variables relating to stunting.
The prevalence of stunting presented a significant reduction of 43% (from 16.9% in 1997 to 9.6% in 2006). Socioeconomic variables and maternal height were associated with this decline. The reductions ranged from 39% to 60% among the strata analyzed. Analysis on determinants of stunting showed that in 2006, the following remained significant: per capita family income (< 0.25 minimum salary), possession of domestic goods (< three), greater number of people per household, lower schooling level and lower maternal height.
The reduction in stunting reflected improvements in social and economic conditions. However, it remains necessary to maintain and improve public policies, in order to increase the purchasing power of the poorest people and to achieve universal access to health and education services for the population.
分析儿童和青少年发育迟缓的演变，并确定其相关因素。
这是一项使用 1997 年和 2006 年在巴西东北部伯南布哥州进行的州卫生和营养调查数据的横断面研究。样本是概率性的（随机和分层），代表了该州的城市和农村阶层。使用包含与社会经济、人口统计和人体测量变量（母亲、儿童和青少年）信息相关的预编码问题的问卷进行数据收集。研究人群包括 1853 名 5 至 19 岁的儿童和 1484 名青少年。采用分层逐步回归分析评估与发育迟缓相关的解释变量之间的关联。
发育迟缓的患病率显著下降了 43%（从 1997 年的 16.9%降至 2006 年的 9.6%）。社会经济变量和母亲身高与这一下降有关。在分析的各个阶层中，降幅从 39%到 60%不等。发育迟缓决定因素的分析表明，2006 年，以下因素仍然显著：家庭人均收入（<0.25 最低工资）、拥有家庭用品（<3）、家庭人口较多、教育水平较低和母亲身高较低。
发育迟缓的减少反映了社会和经济条件的改善。然而，仍然需要维持和改善公共政策，以提高最贫困人口的购买力，并实现全民获得卫生和教育服务。
