Universidade Federal do Maranhão - São Luís (MA), Brasil.
Universidade Federal do Piauí - Teresina (PI), Brasil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2023 Jan 9;26:e230004. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720230004. eCollection 2023.
To analyze the occurrence of racial and regional inequality in the temporal trend of the prevalence of stunting and overweight in Brazilian children under five years of age over the years 2008-2018.
An ecological time-series study with data from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System on the prevalence of stunting and overweight in children under five years old according to race/skin color, region, and year. To assess differences between median prevalence per year of outcomes, the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. Linear regression analyses were proposed to assess trends in the prevalence of outcomes over the years.
In Brazil, black children tended to be overweight (β=4.611; p=0.042). Among black children, there was an increase over the years in stunting in the Southeast (β=3.960; p=0.014) and a decrease in the South (β=-4.654; p=0.022). In Brazil and in most regions, the median prevalence of stunting was higher in black children than in white ones (12.86 vs. 11.54%, p<0.001). In the Southeast and South, black children also had the highest prevalence of overweight (15.48 and 15.99%, respectively).
Children from less developed regions of Brazil and of black skin color/race were more vulnerable to a double burden of malnutrition.
分析 2008 年至 2018 年间巴西五岁以下儿童发育迟缓与超重患病率的时间趋势中，种族和地区差异的发生情况。
这是一项基于生态时间序列的研究，数据来自食物和营养监测系统，用于分析五岁以下儿童按种族/肤色、地区和年份划分的发育迟缓与超重患病率。为了评估每年各结局的中位数患病率之间的差异，采用了 Kruskal-Wallis 检验。线性回归分析用于评估各年份结局的流行趋势。
在巴西，黑皮肤的儿童更易超重（β=4.611；p=0.042）。在黑皮肤儿童中，东南部地区的发育迟缓率呈逐年上升趋势（β=3.960；p=0.014），而南部地区的发育迟缓率呈逐年下降趋势（β=-4.654；p=0.022）。在巴西和大多数地区，黑皮肤儿童的发育迟缓患病率中位数高于白皮肤儿童（12.86%比 11.54%，p<0.001）。在东南部和南部地区，黑皮肤儿童的超重患病率也最高（分别为 15.48%和 15.99%）。
巴西欠发达地区和黑皮肤/种族的儿童更容易受到双重营养负担的影响。
