Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
Poult Sci. 2012 Mar;91(3):701-11. doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01825.
Forty-eight 19-wk-old Bovan White laying hens were fed 1 of 5 diets containing either hemp seed (HS) or hemp seed oil (HO). The level of HO was 4, 8, or 12%, whereas the level was 10 or 20% for the HS. A set of 8 birds fed wheat-, barley-, and corn oil-based diets served as the control. Performance was monitored over 12 wk. Average hen-day egg production was not affected upon feeding of either HS or HO diets. Egg weight was higher than that of the controls for hens consuming the 20% HS diet (P < 0.05). Feed intake was lower than that of the controls for birds consuming the 4% HO diet but similar across other treatments. Final BW were not affected by diet, with the exception of being lower than that of the controls (P < 0.05) in hens consuming the 12% HO diet. The total egg yolk n-3 fatty acid content increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary α-linolenic acid provision with the HS- or HO-based diets. A quadratic response (P < 0.05) was observed for docosahexaenoic acid levels in egg yolk in response to increasing dietary α-linolenic acid supply. The expression of hepatic fatty acid desaturase 1 and 2, key genes for the desaturation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, was significantly decreased (50-60% of controls; P < 0.05) as a result of feeding HS or HO diets. Based on the results from the current study, the inclusion of the hemp products HS or HO in the diets of laying hens up to a maximum level of 20 and 12%, respectively, does not adversely effect the performance of laying hens and leads to the enrichment of the n-3 fatty acid content of eggs.
48 只 19 周龄的 Bovan White 产蛋母鸡被喂食 5 种饮食中的 1 种，这些饮食含有大麻籽（HS）或大麻籽油（HO）。HO 的水平为 4%、8%或 12%，而 HS 的水平为 10%或 20%。一组 8 只喂食小麦、大麦和玉米油基饮食的鸡作为对照。在 12 周的时间里监测了性能。喂食 HS 或 HO 饮食不会影响母鸡的平均日蛋产量。食用 20%HS 饮食的母鸡的蛋重高于对照组（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比，食用 4%HO 饮食的鸟类的饲料摄入量较低，但在其他处理中相似。除了食用 12%HO 饮食的母鸡的终重低于对照组（P < 0.05）外，饮食对终重没有影响。蛋黄中的总 n-3 脂肪酸含量随着 HS 或 HO 饮食中α-亚麻酸供应的增加而呈线性增加（P < 0.05）。蛋黄中二十二碳六烯酸水平对膳食中α-亚麻酸供应的反应呈二次响应（P < 0.05）。由于喂食 HS 或 HO 饮食，肝脏脂肪酸去饱和酶 1 和 2 的表达显著降低（对照组的 50-60%；P < 0.05），这是长链多不饱和脂肪酸去饱和的关键基因。基于当前研究的结果，在产蛋母鸡的饮食中添加最高水平分别为 20%和 12%的大麻籽或大麻籽油产品不会对产蛋母鸡的性能产生不利影响，并导致鸡蛋中 n-3 脂肪酸含量增加。
