Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2012 Jun;15(3):252-60. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2012.01.014. Epub 2012 Feb 13.
Reducing equivalents produced in the chloroplast are essential for many key cellular metabolic enzyme reactions. Two redox shuttle systems transfer reductant out of the chloroplast; these systems consist of metabolite transporters, coupled with stromal and cytosolic dehydrogenase isozymes. The transporters function in the redox shuttle and also operate as key enzymes in carbon/nitrogen metabolism. To maintain adequate levels of reductant and proper metabolic balance, the shuttle systems are finely controlled. Also, in the leaves of C(4) plants, cell-specific division of carbon and nitrogen assimilation includes cell-specific localization of the redox shuttle systems. The redox shuttle systems are tightly linked to cellular metabolic pathways and are essential for maintaining metabolic balance between energy and reducing equivalents.
叶绿体中产生的还原当量对于许多关键的细胞代谢酶反应是必需的。两种氧化还原穿梭系统将还原剂从叶绿体中转移出来；这些系统由代谢物转运蛋白组成，与基质和胞质中的脱氢酶同工酶偶联。转运蛋白在氧化还原穿梭中起作用，同时也是碳/氮代谢中的关键酶。为了维持足够的还原剂水平和适当的代谢平衡，穿梭系统受到精细的控制。此外，在 C(4)植物的叶片中，碳和氮同化的细胞特异性分裂包括氧化还原穿梭系统的细胞特异性定位。氧化还原穿梭系统与细胞代谢途径紧密相连，对于维持能量和还原当量之间的代谢平衡至关重要。
