Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden.
Environ Int. 2012 Sep;44:53-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.01.009. Epub 2012 Feb 13.
Environmental measurements carried out by local authorities during the 1970s, 80s and 90s in an area contaminated by hundreds of years of industrial activities have revealed high levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in soil, vegetables, root crops, berries and mushrooms. In 1972, a large quantity of oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was accidentally spilled into the river running through the village. To investigate the possible health effects of exposure from local sources, all cancer diagnoses, registered in 1960-2003 for individuals living in the study area, were collected from the regional cancer register of southeast Sweden. The total cancer incidence was non-significantly decreased both among males and females as compared to national rates (SIR=0.91) for each gender. Among males, increased risks, of border-line significance, were seen for testicular cancer and lymphomas as well as significantly decreased risks for cancer in the rectum, respiratory system and brain. Information on lifetime residence, occupation, smoking habits, diseases, childbirth and food consumption, was collected via questionnaires from cancer cases and randomly selected controls. In both genders combined, significant associations were found for total cancer and high consumption of local perch, and for lymphomas and high consumption of both perch and pikeperch. Female breast cancer was significantly associated with high consumption of local perch and pike as well as with work in metal production. Mothers residing in the parish before the age of five reported significantly more preterm child deliveries. In spite of study limitations, the results indicate that residing in a rural contaminated area may contribute to the development of certain cancers and reproductive effects. In females, high consumption of local fish was shown to be the strongest determinant for total cancer, while in males, the strongest determinant was residing in the study area the first five years of life. Further research including validation of exposure using biomarkers is required to verify the findings as well as future studies in other polluted areas in Sweden with larger population bases.
当地政府在 20 世纪 70 年代、80 年代和 90 年代在一个受数百年工业活动污染的地区进行的环境测量显示，土壤、蔬菜、根茎作物、浆果和蘑菇中的锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、铅（Pb）和镉（Cd）含量很高。1972 年，大量含有多氯联苯（PCBs）的油污意外地泄漏到流经村庄的河流中。为了调查当地污染源暴露可能产生的健康影响，从瑞典东南部地区癌症登记处收集了 1960 年至 2003 年期间居住在研究地区的所有癌症诊断病例。与每个性别国家的发病率相比，男性和女性的总癌症发病率均无显著降低（SIR=0.91）。在男性中，睾丸癌和淋巴瘤的风险略有增加，具有边界意义，而直肠癌、呼吸系统和脑部的癌症风险则显著降低。通过癌症病例和随机选择的对照者的调查问卷收集了有关终生居住、职业、吸烟习惯、疾病、分娩和食物消费的信息。在两性中，总癌症和当地鲈鱼的高消费以及淋巴瘤和鲈鱼和狗鱼的高消费均有显著关联。女性乳腺癌与当地鲈鱼和狗鱼的高消费以及金属生产工作有显著关联。母亲在五岁前居住在教区的情况下，早产分娩的报告明显更多。尽管存在研究局限性，但结果表明，居住在污染农村地区可能会导致某些癌症和生殖影响的发生。在女性中，当地鱼类的高消费被证明是总癌症的最强决定因素，而在男性中，居住在研究地区生命的头五年是最强的决定因素。需要进一步的研究，包括使用生物标志物验证暴露情况，以验证这些发现，以及在瑞典其他污染地区进行具有更大人口基础的未来研究。
