Bloom Barbara, Cohen Robin A, Freeman Gulnur
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA.
Vital Health Stat 10. 2011 Dec(250):1-80.
This report presents both age-adjusted and unadjusted statistics from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) on selected health measures for children under age 18 years, classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, family structure, parent education, family income, poverty status, health insurance coverage, place of residence, region, and current health status. The topics covered are asthma, allergies, learning disability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), prescription medication use, respondent-assessed health status, school days missed due to illness or injury, usual place of health care, time since last contact with a health care professional, selected measures of health care access and utilization, and dental care.
NHIS is a multistage probability sample survey conducted annually by interviewers of the U.S. Census Bureau for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics and is representative of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Data are collected for all family members during face-to-face interviews with an adult family respondent and any other adults present at the time of interview. Additional information about children is collected for one randomly selected child per family in face-to-face interviews with an adult proxy respondent familiar with the child's health.
In 2010, most U.S. children aged 17 years and under had excellent or very good health (82%). However, 8% of children had no health insurance coverage, and 5% of children had no usual place of health care. Seven percent of children had unmet dental need because their families could not afford dental care. Fourteen percent of children had ever been diagnosed with asthma. An estimated 8% of children aged 3-17 years had a learning disability, and an estimated 8% of children had ADHD.
本报告展示了2010年美国国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）中按年龄调整和未调整的统计数据，内容涉及18岁以下儿童的选定健康指标，这些指标按性别、年龄、种族、西班牙裔血统、家庭结构、父母教育程度、家庭收入、贫困状况、医疗保险覆盖情况、居住地点、地区以及当前健康状况进行分类。涵盖的主题包括哮喘、过敏、学习障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）、处方药使用、受访者自我评估的健康状况、因病或受伤缺课天数、通常的医疗保健地点、上次与医疗保健专业人员接触以来的时间、选定的医疗保健可及性和利用率指标以及牙科保健。
NHIS是美国人口普查局的访谈员每年为疾病控制和预防中心的国家卫生统计中心进行的多阶段概率抽样调查，代表了美国非机构化平民人口。在与成年家庭受访者以及访谈时在场的任何其他成年人进行面对面访谈期间，收集所有家庭成员的数据。在与熟悉孩子健康情况的成年代理受访者进行面对面访谈时，为每个家庭随机选择的一名儿童收集有关该儿童的更多信息。
2010年，大多数17岁及以下的美国儿童健康状况极佳或非常好（82%）。然而，8%的儿童没有医疗保险覆盖，5% 的儿童没有固定的医疗保健地点。7%的儿童因家庭负担不起牙科保健而有未满足的牙科需求。14%的儿童曾被诊断患有哮喘。估计3至17岁的儿童中有8%有学习障碍，估计8%的儿童患有ADHD。
