Sidell Doug, Shapiro Nina L
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2012 Aug;12(4):271-6. doi: 10.2174/187152612801319230.
Acute tonsillitis is an inflammatory process of the tonsillar tissues and is usually infectious in nature. Acute infections of the palatine tonsils predominantly occur in school-aged children, but patients of any age may be affected. Tonsillitis of viral origin is usually treated with supportive care. Bacterial tonsillitis is most commonly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Polymicrobial infections and viral pathogens are also important sources of infection. Penicillins remain the treatment of choice for S. pyogenes tonsillitis, and augmented aminopenicillins have gained utility in concert with the increasing incidence of beta-lactamase producing bacteria. We describe the anatomic features and the immunologic function of the palatine tonsils, including a detailed discussion of history and physical examination findings, treatment recommendations, and possible complications of acute tonsillitis. Establishing an accurate diagnosis and initiating appropriate treatment are key components of managing this common pathologic process.
急性扁桃体炎是扁桃体组织的炎症过程，通常具有感染性。腭扁桃体的急性感染主要发生在学龄儿童中，但任何年龄的患者都可能受到影响。病毒源性扁桃体炎通常采用支持性治疗。细菌性扁桃体炎最常见的病因是化脓性链球菌。混合感染和病毒病原体也是重要的感染源。青霉素仍然是化脓性链球菌扁桃体炎的首选治疗药物，随着产β-内酰胺酶细菌发病率的增加，加用氨基青霉素也有了应用价值。我们描述了腭扁桃体的解剖特征和免疫功能，包括对病史和体格检查结果、治疗建议以及急性扁桃体炎可能并发症的详细讨论。建立准确的诊断并开始适当的治疗是管理这一常见病理过程的关键组成部分。
