Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av, Dr, Arnaldo 715, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo-SP, Brasil.
Parasit Vectors. 2012 Feb 16;5:41. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-41.
The most substantial and best preserved area of Atlantic Forest is within the biogeographical sub-region of Serra do Mar. The topographic complexity of the region creates a diverse array of microclimates, which can affect species distribution and diversity inside the forest. Given that Atlantic Forest includes highly heterogeneous environments, a diverse and medically important Culicidae assemblage, and possible species co-occurrence, we evaluated mosquito assemblages from bromeliad phytotelmata in Serra do Mar (southeastern Brazil).
Larvae and pupae were collected monthly from Nidularium and Vriesea bromeliads between July 2008 and June 2009. Collection sites were divided into landscape categories (lowland, hillslope and hilltop) based on elevation and slope. Correlations between bromeliad mosquito assemblage and environmental variables were assessed using multivariate redundancy analysis. Differences in species diversity between bromeliads within each category of elevation were explored using the Renyi diversity index. Univariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to assess species co-occurrence.
A total of 2,024 mosquitoes belonging to 22 species were collected. Landscape categories (pseudo-F value = 1.89, p = 0.04), bromeliad water volume (pseudo-F = 2.99, p = 0.03) and bromeliad fullness (Pseudo-F = 4.47, p < 0.01) influenced mosquito assemblage structure. Renyi diversity index show that lowland possesses the highest diversity indices. The presence of An. homunculus was associated with Cx. ocellatus and the presence of An. cruzii was associated with Cx. neglectus, Cx. inimitabilis fuscatus and Cx. worontzowi. Anopheles cruzii and An. homunculus were taken from the same bromeliad, however, the co-occurrence between those two species was not statistically significant.
One of the main findings of our study was that differences in species among mosquito assemblages were influenced by landscape characteristics. The bromeliad factor that influenced mosquito abundance and assemblage structure was fullness. The findings of the current study raise important questions about the role of An. homunculus in the transmission of Plasmodium in Serra do Mar, southeastern Atlantic Forest.
大西洋森林最广阔且保存最完好的区域位于 Serra do Mar 的生物地理次区域内。该地区的地形复杂性创造了多样化的小气候，这会影响森林内的物种分布和多样性。鉴于大西洋森林包括高度异质的环境、多样化且具有重要医学意义的库蚊组合，以及可能的物种共存，我们评估了 Serra do Mar（巴西东南部）凤梨科植物水钵中的蚊类组合。
2008 年 7 月至 2009 年 6 月期间，每月从 Nidularium 和 Vriesea 凤梨科植物中收集幼虫和蛹。根据海拔和坡度，将采集点分为低地、山坡和山顶三个景观类别。使用多元冗余分析评估凤梨科植物蚊类组合与环境变量之间的相关性。使用 Renyi 多样性指数探索每个海拔类别内凤梨科植物之间的物种多样性差异。使用单变量二元逻辑回归分析评估物种共存。
共收集到 2024 只蚊子，属于 22 个物种。景观类别（伪 F 值= 1.89，p = 0.04）、凤梨科植物水量（伪 F = 2.99，p = 0.03）和凤梨科植物饱满度（伪 F = 4.47，p < 0.01）影响蚊类组合结构。Renyi 多样性指数表明低地具有最高的多样性指数。An. homunculus 的存在与 Cx. ocellatus 相关，而 An. cruzii 的存在与 Cx. neglectus、Cx. inimitabilis fuscatus 和 Cx. worontzowi 相关。An. cruzii 和 An. homunculus 来自同一株凤梨科植物，但这两种物种的共存并不具有统计学意义。
我们研究的主要发现之一是，蚊类组合中物种的差异受景观特征的影响。影响蚊子丰度和组合结构的凤梨科植物因素是饱满度。本研究的结果提出了有关 An. homunculus 在 Serra do Mar（巴西东南部大西洋森林）中传播疟原虫作用的重要问题。
