Medeiros-Sousa Antônio Ralph, de Oliveira-Christe Rafael, Ceretti-Junior Walter, Barrio-Nuevo Karolina Morales, Evangelista Eduardo, Wilk-da-Silva Ramon, Mucci Luis Filipe, de Paula Marcia Bicudo, Marrelli Mauro Toledo
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Parasite Biology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 19;15(1):30308. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15514-7.
Bromeliads provide a unique habitat for many insect species, including immature forms of mosquitoes. This study investigates the effect of abiotic factors, specifically temperature, rainfall, water volume, and physicochemical parameters, on the occurrence and abundance of mosquitoes developing in bromeliads within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Larval samples and abiotic parameters were collected from nine bromeliads between 2015 and 2017 in a forest remnant in São Paulo, Brazil. Relationships between variables were tested using generalized linear mixed-effects models and structural equation modeling (Piecewise SEM). Results indicate that rainfall and temperature influence the water volume of bromeliad tanks, which in turn affect physicochemical parameters, particularly pH. These variations affect the richness, abundance, and occurrence of mosquito species, including the vector of malaria parasites, Anopheles cruzii Dyar & Knab, 1908. Piecewise SEM analysis indicated that the data were satisfactorily fitted for the models tested: species richness (Fisher's C = 13.5, df = 12, p = 0.33, R = 0.13), total abundance (Fisher's C = 10, df = 8, p = 0.26, R = 0.63), and An. cruzii presence (Fisher's C = 4.6, df = 8, p = 0.8, R = 0.32). The study highlights a cascade effect where abiotic factors alter the microhabitat conditions, thereby affecting mosquito populations. Understanding these interactions is crucial for predicting the impacts of climate change on mosquito-borne diseases in tropical regions.
凤梨科植物为包括未成熟形态的蚊子在内的许多昆虫物种提供了独特的栖息地。本研究调查了非生物因素，特别是温度、降雨、水量和理化参数，对巴西大西洋森林中凤梨科植物内发育的蚊子的发生和丰度的影响。2015年至2017年期间，在巴西圣保罗的一片森林遗迹中，从九个凤梨科植物中采集了幼虫样本和非生物参数。使用广义线性混合效应模型和结构方程模型（分段结构方程模型）测试了变量之间的关系。结果表明，降雨和温度影响凤梨科植物水箱的水量，进而影响理化参数，特别是pH值。这些变化影响了蚊子物种的丰富度、丰度和出现情况，包括疟原虫的传播媒介，1908年的克鲁兹按蚊（Anopheles cruzii Dyar & Knab）。分段结构方程模型分析表明，数据与所测试的模型拟合良好：物种丰富度（费舍尔C值 = 13.5，自由度 = 12，p = 0.33，R = 0.13）、总丰度（费舍尔C值 = 10，自由度 = 8，p = 0.26，R = 0.63）和克鲁兹按蚊的存在情况（费舍尔C值 = 4.6，自由度 = 8，p = 0.8，R = 0.32）。该研究强调了一种级联效应，即非生物因素改变微生境条件，从而影响蚊子种群。了解这些相互作用对于预测气候变化对热带地区蚊媒疾病的影响至关重要。
