Fields Karl B
Cone Health Sports Medicine Fellowship, Greensboro, NC, USA.
Curr Sports Med Rep. 2011 Sep-Oct;10(5):299-303. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e31822d403f.
Running injuries are common. Recently the demographic has changed, in that most runners in road races are older and injuries now include those more common in master runners. In particular, Achilles/calf injuries, iliotibial band injury, meniscus injury, and muscle injuries to the hamstrings and quadriceps represent higher percentages of the overall injury mix in recent epidemiologic studies compared with earlier ones. Evidence suggests that running mileage and previous injury are important predictors of running injury. Evidence-based research now helps guide the treatment of iliotibial band, patellofemoral syndrome, and Achilles tendinopathy. The use of topical nitroglycerin in tendinopathy and orthotics for the treatment of patellofemoral syndrome has moderate to strong evidence. Thus, more current knowledge about the changing demographics of runners and the application of research to guide treatment and, eventually, prevent running injury offers hope that clinicians can help reduce the high morbidity associated with long-distance running.
跑步损伤很常见。最近，跑步人群的构成发生了变化，即公路赛中的大多数跑步者年龄更大，而且现在的损伤包括那些在年长跑步者中更常见的损伤。特别是，跟腱/小腿损伤、髂胫束损伤、半月板损伤以及腘绳肌和股四头肌的肌肉损伤，在最近的流行病学研究中占总体损伤组合的比例高于早期研究。有证据表明，跑步里程和既往损伤是跑步损伤的重要预测因素。循证研究现在有助于指导髂胫束、髌股关节综合征和跟腱病的治疗。在肌腱病中使用局部硝酸甘油以及使用矫形器治疗髌股关节综合征有中等至充分的证据。因此，关于跑步者人口构成变化的最新知识以及应用研究来指导治疗并最终预防跑步损伤，为临床医生帮助降低与长跑相关的高发病率带来了希望。
