Department of Health Management & Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Tob Control. 2012 Mar;21(2):103-9. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050396.
To assess progress in tobacco control policy research and the relevance of research to policy making.
Over 100 experts were surveyed about their opinions on the body of research existing in 1992 and 2011 concerning 11 areas of tobacco control policy, the state of policy implementation in both years, the extent to which research has affected policy adoption and how experience with policy has influenced research. Case studies of how research and policy implementation have interacted were developed.
The body of research was not judged 'substantial' in any of the policy areas in 1992. In 2011, 6 of the 11 areas were evaluated as substantial. None ranked as substantial regarding policy implementation in 1992, but by 2011 half were so ranked for developed countries; in low-income and middle-income countries policy implementation moved from very low to moderate. Respondents judged the role of research in actual policy making as 'substantial' regarding clean indoor air, taxation and cessation treatment policy. Case studies illustrate how research can directly affect policy (taxation), how policy and research can have iterative effects (clean indoor air), and how research and policy interact in the case of novel policies (graphic cigarette pack warnings). The role of research in the formulation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control is also examined.
Policy research goals established in 1992 have been largely realised. For select tobacco control policies, research has made truly important contributions to saving lives. Evidence-based policy adoption will continue to be essential to minimising the toll of tobacco, especially in the world's poorer countries.
评估烟草控制政策研究的进展以及研究与政策制定的相关性。
对 100 多名专家进行了调查，了解他们对 1992 年和 2011 年涉及烟草控制政策 11 个领域的研究现状、这两年的政策实施情况、研究对政策采纳的影响程度以及政策经验对研究的影响程度的看法。还对研究和政策实施相互作用的案例进行了研究。
在 1992 年的任何一个政策领域，研究的主体都没有被认为是“实质性的”。2011 年，11 个领域中有 6 个被评估为实质性的。1992 年，没有任何一个领域在政策实施方面被评为实质性的，但到 2011 年，发达国家中有一半被评为实质性的；在低收入和中等收入国家，政策实施从非常低的水平上升到了中等水平。受访者认为，在清洁室内空气、税收和戒烟治疗政策方面，研究在实际政策制定中的作用是“实质性的”。案例研究说明了研究如何直接影响政策（税收），政策和研究如何产生迭代效应（清洁室内空气），以及在新颖政策的情况下研究和政策如何相互作用（图形香烟包装警告）。《烟草控制框架公约》的制定过程中也研究了研究的作用。
1992 年确定的政策研究目标在很大程度上已经实现。对于一些特定的烟草控制政策，研究确实为拯救生命做出了重要贡献。循证政策的采纳将继续是减少烟草危害的关键，尤其是在世界上较贫穷的国家。
