Raptis Athanasios E, Markakis Konstantinos P, Mazioti Maria C, Raptis Sotirios A, Dimitriadis George D
Insights Imaging. 2011 Apr;2(2):193-203. doi: 10.1007/s13244-011-0068-5. Epub 2011 Feb 2.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognised as a major health problem. Ninety-nine percent of diabetics suffer from type 2 DM and 10% from type 1 and other types of DM. The number of diabetic patients worldwide is expected to reach 380 millions over the next 15 years. The duration of diabetes is an important factor in the pathogenesis of complications, but other factors frequently coexisting with type 2 DM, such as hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia, also contribute to the development of diabetic angiopathy. Microvascular complications include retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Macroangiopathy mainly affects coronary arteries, carotid arteries and arteries of the lower extremities. Eighty percent of deaths in the diabetic population result from cardiovascular incidents. DM is considered an equivalent of coronary heart disease (CHD). Stroke and peripheral artery disease (PAD) are other main manifestations of diabetic macroangiopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) represents another chronic complication that occurs independently of CHD and hypertension. The greater susceptibility of diabetic patients to infections completes the spectrum of the main consequences of DM. The serious complications of DM make it essential for physicians to be aware of the screening guidelines, allowing for earlier patient diagnosis and treatment.
糖尿病（DM）被公认为是一个主要的健康问题。99%的糖尿病患者患有2型糖尿病，10%患有1型糖尿病和其他类型的糖尿病。预计在未来15年内，全球糖尿病患者数量将达到3.8亿。糖尿病病程是并发症发病机制中的一个重要因素，但其他常与2型糖尿病并存的因素，如高血压、肥胖和血脂异常，也会促使糖尿病血管病变的发展。微血管并发症包括视网膜病变、肾病和神经病变。大血管病变主要影响冠状动脉、颈动脉和下肢动脉。糖尿病患者80%的死亡是由心血管事件导致的。糖尿病被认为等同于冠心病（CHD）。中风和外周动脉疾病（PAD）是糖尿病大血管病变的其他主要表现。糖尿病性心肌病（DC）是另一种独立于冠心病和高血压而发生的慢性并发症。糖尿病患者对感染的易感性更高，这完善了糖尿病主要后果的范围。糖尿病的严重并发症使得医生必须了解筛查指南，以便能更早地对患者进行诊断和治疗。
