Gustafson R, Källmén H
Department of Psychology, University of Orebro, Sweden.
Percept Mot Skills. 1990 Aug;71(1):87-96. doi: 10.2466/pms.1990.71.1.87.
The present experiment investigated whether subliminally exposed messages affect cognitive and motor performance and whether personality factors can explain interindividual differences in this respect. According to Silverman (1983), people have a symbiotic fantasy, that is, a need for symbiotic oneness with the mother figure. This need can temporarily be satisfied by a tachistoscopic exposure of the message "Mommy and I are one." By relieving the unconscious conflict, psychological tension is reduced. Using these notions, it was hypothesized that different measures of performance should be improved. The results indicate that both cognitive performance, in terms of the ability to interpret incomplete and fragmented pictures, and motor performance, in terms of the ability to follow a printed line with a stylus, is improved by this procedure compared to that of a control group exposed to the neutral message "People are walking." However, it was not possible to relate these changes to individual differences in terms of the individual's structure of his psychological defense system as measured by the Defense Mechanism Test (DMT). Other possible explanations are discussed.
本实验研究了阈下呈现的信息是否会影响认知和运动表现，以及人格因素是否能解释在这方面的个体差异。根据西尔弗曼（1983年）的观点，人们有一种共生幻想，也就是说，有一种与母亲形象共生合一的需求。通过速示器呈现“我和妈妈是一体的”这一信息，这种需求可以暂时得到满足。通过缓解无意识冲突，心理紧张得以减轻。基于这些概念，研究假设不同的表现指标应该会得到改善。结果表明，与接受中性信息“人们在行走”的对照组相比，通过该程序，在解释不完整和碎片化图片的能力方面的认知表现，以及在用触控笔沿着印刷线条移动的能力方面的运动表现均得到了改善。然而，根据防御机制测试（DMT）所测量的个体心理防御系统结构，无法将这些变化与个体差异联系起来。文中还讨论了其他可能的解释。
