Ghent University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
Sci Total Environ. 2012 Apr 1;421-422:94-101. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.019. Epub 2012 Feb 20.
Within the framework of the nitrate directive, member states have the opportunity to apply for derogation, i.e. increasing fertilisation standards under certain conditions. Several EU regions have utilised this opportunity, but each in a different way, resulting in six very different derogation policies within the EU in 2009. This paper focuses on the differences between the policies applied and makes an assessment with regard to the impact of these differences on the application rate for derogation, the manure surplus and the cost of allocating manure. Based on the MP-MAS model described by Van der Straeten et al. (2010) the different scenarios are applied on a single case area (Flanders) and the economic effects have been simulated. Results show considerable differences between the policy alternatives, leading to the conclusion that member states not only have to focus on whether or not to allow derogation, but also on the actual details of the derogation policy. Granting derogation at parcel level (plot of land), instead of farm level, increases the potential effect of derogation; the level of increase in fertilisation standards under derogation determines the application rate for derogation: a higher increase leads to a higher application rate.
在硝酸盐指令的框架内，成员国可申请豁免，即在某些条件下提高施肥标准。一些欧盟地区利用了这一机会，但方式各不相同，导致 2009 年欧盟内出现了六种非常不同的豁免政策。本文重点关注所采用政策之间的差异，并评估这些差异对豁免申请率、粪肥过剩和粪肥分配成本的影响。本文基于 Van der Straeten 等人（2010 年）描述的 MP-MAS 模型，将不同情景应用于单一案例地区（佛兰德），并对经济影响进行了模拟。结果表明，政策选择之间存在显著差异，结论是成员国不仅要关注是否允许豁免，还要关注豁免政策的实际细节。在豁免方面，土地而不是农场层面，增加了豁免的潜在效果；豁免下施肥标准的提高水平决定了豁免的申请率：提高标准越高，申请率越高。
